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See also:LAUREATE (See also:Lat. laureatus, from laurea, the See also:laurel See also:- TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
- TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )
tree) . The laurel, in See also:ancient See also:Greece, was sacred to See also:Apollo, and as such was used to See also:form a See also:crown or See also:wreath of See also:honour for poets and heroes; and this usage has been widespread. The word " laureate " or " laureated " thus came in See also:English to signify eminent, or associated with See also:glory, See also:literary or military. " Laureate letters " in old times meant the despatches announcing a victory; and the epithet was given, even officially (e.g. to See also:John See also:Skelton) by See also:universities, to distinguished poets. The name of " bacca-laureate " for the university degree of See also:bachelor shows a confusion with a supposed See also:etymology from Lat. bacca lauri (the laurel See also:berry), which though incorrect (see BACHELOR) involves the same See also:idea. From the more See also:general use of the See also:term " poet laureate " arose its restriction in See also:England to the See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office of the poet attached to the royal See also:household, first held by See also:Ben See also:Jonson, for whom the position was, in its essentials, created by See also:Charles I. in 1617. (Jonson's See also:appointment does not seem to have been formally made as poet-laureate, but his position was See also:equivalent to that). The office was really a development of the practice of earlier times, when minstrels and versifiers were See also:part of the See also:retinue of the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King; it is recorded that See also:Richard Cceur de See also:Lion had a versificator regis (Gulielmus Peregrinus), and See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry III. had a versificator (See also:Master Henry); in the 15th See also:century John See also:Kay, also a " versifier," described himself as See also:Edward IV.'s " humble poet laureate." Moreover, the crown had shown its patronage in various ways; See also:Chaucer had been given a See also:pension and a See also:perquisite of See also:wine by Edward III., and See also:Spenser a pension by See also:Queen See also:Elizabeth. W. See also:- HAMILTON
- HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
- HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
- HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
- HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
- HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
- HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
- HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
- HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
- HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
- HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
- HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
- HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)
Hamilton classes Chaucer, See also:Gower, Kay, See also:Andrew See also:Bernard, Skelton, See also:Robert See also:Whittington, Richard See also:- EDWARDS, AMELIA ANN BLANDFORD (1831-1892)
- EDWARDS, BELA BATES (18o2-1852)
- EDWARDS, BRYAN (1743–1800)
- EDWARDS, GEORGE (1693–1773)
- EDWARDS, HENRY THOMAS (1837–1884)
- EDWARDS, JONATHAN (1703—1758)
- EDWARDS, LEWIS (1806–1887 )
- EDWARDS, RICHARD (c. 1523–1566)
- EDWARDS, T
- EDWARDS, THOMAS CHARLES (1837–1900)
Edwards, Spenser and See also:Samuel See also:Daniel, as " volunteer Laureates." See also:Sir See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Davenant succeeded Jonson in 1638, and the See also:title of poet laureate was conferred by letters patent on See also:Dryden in 167o, two years after Davenant's See also:death, coupled with a pension of £30o and a See also:butt of See also:Canary wine. The See also:post then became a See also:regular institution, though the emoluments varied, Dryden's successors being T. See also:Shadwell (who originated See also:annual birthday and New See also:Year odes), See also:Nahum See also:Tate, See also:Nicholas Rowe, Laurence See also:Eusden, See also:Colley See also:Cibber, William See also:Whitehead, See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:Warton, H. J. See also:Pye, See also:Southey, See also:Wordsworth, See also:Tennyson and, four years after Tennyson's death, See also:Alfred See also:Austin. The office took on a new lustre from the See also:personal distinction of Southey, Wordsworth and Tennyson; it had fallen into contempt before Southey, and on Tennyson's death there was a considerable feeling that no possible successor was acceptable (William See also:Morris and See also:Swinburne being hardly See also:court poets). Eventually, however, the undesirability of breaking with tradition for temporary reasons, and thus severing the one See also:official See also:link between literature and the See also:state, prevailed over the protests against following Tennyson by any one of inferior See also:genius. It may be noted that abolition was similarly advocated when Warton and Wordsworth died.
The poet laureate, being a court official, was considered
responsible for producing formal and appropriate verses on birthdays and state occasions; but his activity in this respect has varied, according to circumstances, and the See also:custom ceased to be obligatory after Pye's death. Wordsworth stipulated, before accepting the honour, that no formal effusions from him should be considered a See also:necessity; but Tennyson was generally happy in his numerous poems of this class. The emoluments of the post have varied; Ben Jonson first received a pension of zoo marks, and later an annual " terse of Canary wine." To Pye an See also:allowance of £27 was made instead of the wine. Tennyson See also:drew £72 a year from the See also:lord See also:- CHAMBERLAIN (0. Fr. chamberlain, chamberlenc, Mod. Fr. chambellan, from O. H. Ger. Chamarling, Chamarlinc, whence also the Med. Lat. cambellanus, camerlingus, camerlengus; Ital. camerlingo; Span. camerlengo, compounded of 0. H. Ger. Chamara, Kamara [Lat.
- CHAMBERLAIN, JOSEPH (1836— )
- CHAMBERLAIN, JOSHUA LAWRENCE (1828– )
- CHAMBERLAIN, SIR NEVILLE BOWLES (1820-1902)
chamberlain's See also:department, and £27 from the lord steward's in lieu of the " butt of See also:sack."
See See also:Walter Hamilton's Poets Laureate of England (1879), and his contributions to Notes and Queries (Feb. 4, 1893).
End of Article: LAUREATE (Lat. laureatus, from laurea, the laurel tree)
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