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See also:CIBBER, See also:COLLEY (1671-1757) , See also:English actor and dramatist, was See also:born in See also:London on the 6th of See also:November 1671, the eldest son of See also:Caius See also:Gabriel Cibber, the sculptor. Sent in 1682 to the See also:free school at See also:Grantham, See also:Lincolnshire, the boy distinguished himself by an aptitude for See also:writing See also:verse. He produced an Oration " on the See also:death of See also:Charles II.—whom he had seen feeding his ducks in St See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James's See also:Park,—and an " See also:Ode " on the See also:accession of James II. He was removed from school in 1687 on the See also:chance of See also:election to See also:Winchester See also:College. His See also:father, however, had not then presented that institution with his statue of See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William of Wykeham, and the son was rejected, although through his See also:mother he claimed to be of " founder's See also:kin." The boy went to London, and indulged his See also:passion for the See also:theatre. He was invited to See also:Chatsworth, the seat of William See also:Cavendish, See also:earl (afterwards See also:duke) of See also:Devonshire, for whom his father was then executing commissions, and he was on his way when the See also:news of the landing of William of See also:Orange was received; father and son met at See also:Nottingham, and Colley Cibber was taken into Devonshire's See also:company of See also:volunteers. He served in the bloodless See also:campaign that resulted in the See also:coronation of the See also:Prince of Orange, and on its conclusion presented a Latin See also:petition to the earl imploring his See also:interest. The earl did nothing for him, however, and he enrolled himself (169o) as an actor in See also:Betterton's company at See also:Drury See also:Lane.
After playing " full three-quarters of a See also:year " without See also:salary, as was then the See also:custom of all apprentice actors, he was paid ten shillings a See also:week. His rendering of the little See also:part of the See also:chaplain in See also:Otway's See also:Orphan procured him a rise of five shillings; and a subsequent impersonation (1694) on an emergency, and at the author's See also:request, of See also:Lord Touchwood in The See also:Double Dealer, advanced him, on See also:Congreve's recommendation, to a See also:pound a week. On this, supplemented by an See also:allowance of £20 a year from his father, he contrived to live with his wife and family—he had married in 1693—and to produce a See also:play, Love's Last Shift, or the See also:Fool in See also:Fashion (1696). Of this See also:comedy Congreve said that it had " a See also:great many things that were like wit in it "; and See also:Vanbrugh honoured it by writing his Relapse as a sequel. Cibber played the part of See also:Sir Novelty Fashion, and his performance as Lord Foppington, the same See also:character renamed, in Vanbrugh's piece, established his reputation as an actor. In 1698 he was assailed, with other dramatists, by See also:Jeremy See also:Collier in the See also:Short View. In November 1702 he produced, at Drury Lane, She Wou'd and She Wou'd Not; or the See also:Kind Impostor, one of his best comedies; and in 1704, for himself and Mrs See also:Oldfield, The Careless See also:Husband, which See also:Horace See also:Walpole classed, with Cibber's See also:Apology, as " worthy of See also:immortality." In 1706 Cibber See also:left Drury Lane for the Haymarket, but when the two companies See also:united two years later he rejoined his old theatre through the See also:influence of his friend See also:Colonel Brett, a shareholder. Brett made over his See also:share to Wilks, See also:Estcourt and Cibber. Complaints against the management of See also:Christopher See also:Rich led, in 1709, to the closing of the theatre by See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of the See also:crown, and William Collier obtained the patent. After a See also:series of intrigues Collier was bought out by Wilks, See also:Doggett and Cibber, under whose management Drury Lane became more prosperous than it ever had been. In 1715 a new patent was granted to Sir See also:Richard See also:Steele, and See also:Barton See also:Booth was also added to the management. In 1717 Cibber produced the Nonjuror, an See also:adaptation from See also:Moliere's Tartuffe; the play, for which See also:Nicholas Rowe wrote an abusive See also:prologue, ran eighteen nights, and the author received from See also:George I., to whom it was dedicated, a See also:present of two See also:hundred guineas. Tartuffe became an English See also:Catholic See also:priest who incited See also:rebellion, and there is little doubt that the Whig principles expressed in the Nonjuror led to Cibber's See also:appointment as poet See also:laureate (1730). It also provoked the animosity of the Jacobite and Catholic factions, and was possibly one of the causes of See also:Pope's hostility to Cibber. Numerous keys " to the Nonjuror appeared in 1718. In 172o Drury Lane was closed for three days
by order of the duke of See also:Newcastle, ostensibly on See also:account of the refusal of the patentees to submit to the authority of the lord See also:- CHAMBERLAIN (0. Fr. chamberlain, chamberlenc, Mod. Fr. chambellan, from O. H. Ger. Chamarling, Chamarlinc, whence also the Med. Lat. cambellanus, camerlingus, camerlengus; Ital. camerlingo; Span. camerlengo, compounded of 0. H. Ger. Chamara, Kamara [Lat.
- CHAMBERLAIN, JOSEPH (1836— )
- CHAMBERLAIN, JOSHUA LAWRENCE (1828– )
- CHAMBERLAIN, SIR NEVILLE BOWLES (1820-1902)
chamberlain, but really (it is asserted) because of a See also:quarrel between Newcastle and Steele, in which the former demanded Cibber's resignation. In 1726 Cibber pleaded the cause of the patentees against the See also:estate of Sir Richard Steele before Sir See also:Joseph Jekyll, See also:master of the rolls, and won his See also:case. In 1730 Mrs Oldfield died, and her loss was followed in 1732 by that of Wilks; Cibber now sold his share in the theatre, appearing rarely on the See also:stage thereafter. In 1740 he published An Apology for the See also:Life of Colley Gibber, Comedian . . . with an See also:Historical View of the Stage during his Own See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
Time. " There are few," wrote See also:Goldsmith, " who do not prefer a See also:page of See also:Montaigne or Colley Cibber, who candidly tell us what they thought of the See also:world, and the world thought of them, to the more stately See also:memoirs and transactions of See also:Europe." But beside the See also:personal interest, this See also:book contains criticisms on acting of enduring value, and gives the best account there is of Cibber's contemporaries on the London stage. See also:Samuel See also:- JOHNSON, ANDREW
- JOHNSON, ANDREW (1808–1875)
- JOHNSON, BENJAMIN (c. 1665-1742)
- JOHNSON, EASTMAN (1824–1906)
- JOHNSON, REVERDY (1796–1876)
- JOHNSON, RICHARD (1573–1659 ?)
- JOHNSON, RICHARD MENTOR (1781–1850)
- JOHNSON, SAMUEL (1709-1784)
- JOHNSON, SIR THOMAS (1664-1729)
- JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM (1715–1774)
- JOHNSON, THOMAS
Johnson, who was no friend of Cibber, gave it grudging praise (see See also:Boswell's Life of Johnson, ed. See also:Birkbeck See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
Hill, vol. iii. p. 72).
In 1742 Cibber was substituted for See also:Theobald as the See also:hero of Pope's Dunciad. Cibber had introduced some gag into the See also:- REHEARSAL (from " rehearse," to say over again, repeat, recount, O.Fr. rehercer, from re, again, and hercer, to harrow, cf. " hearse," the original meaning being to rake or go over the same ground again as with a harrow)
Rehearsal, in which he played the part of Bayes, referring to the See also:ill-starred See also:farce of Three See also:Hours after See also:Marriage (1717). This play was nominally by See also:Gay, but Pope and See also:Arbuthnot were known to have had a See also:hand in it. Cibber refused to discontinue the offensive passage, and Pope revenged himself in sarcastic allusions in his printed See also:correspondence, in the See also:Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot and in the Dunciad.
To these, Cibber replied with A See also:Letter from Mr Gibber to Mr Pope, inquiring into the motives that might induce him in his satirical See also:works to be so frequently fond of Mr Libber's name (1742). Cibber scored with an " idle See also:story of Pope's behaviour in a See also:tavern " inserted in this letter, and gives an account of the See also:original dispute over the Rehearsal. By the substitution of Cibber for Theobald as hero of the Dunciad, much of the See also:satire lost its point. Cibber's faults certainly did not include dullness. A new edition contained a prefatory discourse, probably the See also:work of See also:Warburton, entitled. " Ricardus See also:Aristarchus, or the Hero of the Poem," in which Libber is made to look ridiculous from his own Apology. Libber replied in 1744 with Another Occasional Letter ..., and altogether he had the best of the See also:argument. When he was seventy-four years old he made his last See also:appearance on the stage as See also:Pandulph in his own Papal Tyranny in the Reign of See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King See also:John (Covent See also:Garden, 15th of See also:February 1745), a miserable See also:paraphrase of See also:Shakespeare's play. He died on the 11th of See also:December 1757.
Cibber's reputation has suffered unduly from the depreciation of Pope and Johnson. " I could not See also:bear such nonsense," said Johnson of one of Cibber's odes, " and I would not let him read it to the end." See also:Fielding attacked Cibber's See also:style and See also:language more than once in Joseph See also:Andrews and elsewhere. Nevertheless, Cibber possessed wit, unusual See also:good sense and tact; and in the Apology he showed himself the most delicate and subtle critic of acting of his time. He was frequently accused of See also:plagiarism, and did not See also:scruple to make use of old plays, but he is said to have been ashamed of his Shakespearian adaptations, one of which, however, Richard III. (Drury Lane, 1700), kept its See also:place as the acting version until 1821. Cibber is rebuked for his See also:mutilation of. Shakespeare by Fielding in the Historical See also:Register for 1736, where he figures as Ground See also:Ivy.
If Libber had not as much wit as his predecessors, he displayed in his best plays abundant animation and spirit, free from the extreme coarseness of many of his contemporaries, and a thorough knowledge of the requirements of the stage. His most successful comedies kept their place in the acting repertory for a See also:long time. He was an excellent actor, especially in the role of the fashionable coxcomb. Horace Walpole said that as Bayes in The Rehearsal he made the part what it was intended to be, the See also:burlesque of a great poet, whereas See also:David See also:Garrick degraded him to a " garretteer."
The Apology was edited in 1822 by E. Bellchambers and in 1889
by R. W. See also:Lowe, who printed with it other valuable theatrical books and See also:pamphlets. It is also included in See also:Hunt and See also:- CLARKE, ADAM (1762?—1832)
- CLARKE, CHARLES COWDEN (1787-1877)
- CLARKE, EDWARD DANIEL (1769–1822)
- CLARKE, JAMES FREEMAN (1810–1888)
- CLARKE, JOHN SLEEPER (1833–1899)
- CLARKE, MARCUS ANDREW HISLOP (1846–1881)
- CLARKE, MARY ANNE (c.1776–1852)
- CLARKE, SAMUEL (1675–1729)
- CLARKE, SIR ANDREW (1824-1902)
- CLARKE, SIR EDWARD GEORGE (1841– )
- CLARKE, THOMAS SHIELDS (1866- )
- CLARKE, WILLIAM BRANWHITE (1798-1878)
Clarke's Auto-See also:biographies (1826, &c.). Cibber's Dramatic Works were published in 1760, with an account of the life and writings of the author, and again in 1777. Besides the plays already mentioned, he wrote Woman's Wit, or the See also:Lady in Fashion (1697), which was altered later (1707) into The Schoolboy, or the Comical Rivals; See also:Xerxes (1699), a tragedy acted only once; The Provoked Husband (acted 1728), completed from Vanbrugh's unfinished See also:Journey to London; The See also:Rival Queens, with the Humours of See also:Alexander the Great (acted 1710), a comical tragedy; See also:Damon and Phyllida (acted 1729), a ballad See also:opera; and adaptations from See also:Beaumont and See also:Fletcher, See also:Dryden, Moliere and See also:Corneille. A bibliography of the numerous skits on Cibber is to be found in Lowe's See also:Bibliographical Account of English Theatrical Literature.
Colley Cibber's son, See also:THEOPHILUS CIBBER (1703-1758), also an actor and playwright, was born on the 26th of November 1703. In 1734 he was acting-manager at the Haymarket, and he subsequently played at Drury Lane, See also:Lincoln's See also:Inn See also:Fields and Covent Garden. His best impersonation was as See also:Pistol, but he also distinguished himself in some of the See also:fine-See also:gentleman parts affected by his father. He was one of the ringleaders in the intrigues against John Highmore, who had bought a share in the patent of Drury Lane from Colley Cibber. Theophilus Cibber, with a number of other actors, seceded from Drury Lane, and in thus depreciating the value of the patent, for which his father had received a considerable sum, acted with doubtful honesty. He contemplated the publication of an autobiography, but was effectually dissuaded by the appearance (1740) of a scathing account of his career by an unknown author, entitled An Apology for the Life of Mr T. . .. C.. . . supposed to be written by himself. In 1753 he began The Lives and Characters of the most Eminent Actors and Actresses of Great See also:Britain and See also:Ireland, but he went no further than the life of Barton Booth. He wrote some plays of no great merit. In 1753 appeared An Account of the Lives of the Poets of Great Britain and Ireland, with the name of " Mr Cibber " on the See also:title page. The five volumes of Lives are chiefly based on the earlier works of See also:Gerard Langbaine and See also:Giles See also:Jacob, and the MS. collections of See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas Coxeter (1689—1747). The book is said to have been largely written by See also:Robert Shiels, Dr Johnson's See also:amanuensis. Theophilus Cibber perished by shipwreck on his way to See also:Dublin to play at the Theatre Royal.
End of Article: CIBBER, COLLEY (1671-1757)
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