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POUND

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Originally appearing in Volume V22, Page 221 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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POUND .' (1) An enclosure in which See also:

CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle or other animals are retained until redeemed by the owners, or when taken in distraint until replevised, such retention being in the nature of a See also:

PLEDGE

pledge or See also:

SECURITY (Lat. securus, free from care, safe)

security to compel See also:

SATISFACTION (Lat. salisfacerc, to satisfy)

satisfaction for See also:

DEBT (Lat. debitum, a thing owed)

debt or damage done. Animals may be seized and impounded when (1) distrained for See also:

RENT

rent; (2) damage feasant, i.e. doing harm on the See also:

LAND

land of the See also:

PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person seizing; (3) straying; (4) taken under legal See also:

PROCESS

process. A pound belongs to the township or See also:

VILLAGE

village or See also:

MANOR

manor where it is situated. The pound-keeper is obliged to receive everything offered to his custody and is not answerable if the thing offered be illegally impounded. By a See also:

STATUTE

statute of 1554, no See also:

DISTRESS

distress of cattle can be driven out of the See also:

HUNDRED

hundred where taken unless to a pound in the same See also:

COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county, within three See also:

MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles of the See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of seizure. This statute also fixes 4d. as the See also:

fee for impounding a distress. Where cattle are impounded the impounder is See also:

BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound to See also:

SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply them with sufficient See also:

food and See also:

WATER

water (See also:

CRUELTY (through the O. Fr. crualte, mod. cruaute, from the Lat. crudelitas)

Cruelty to Animals Acts 1849 and 1854) ; any person, moreover, is authorized to enter a place where animals are impounded without food and water more than twelve See also:

HOURS, CANONICAL

hours and supply them; and the cost of such food is to be paid by the owner of the See also:

animal before it is removed. A statute of.1690 gives See also:

TREBLE (a doublet of " triple," three-fold, from Lat. triplus, triple; cf. " double " from duplus)

treble See also:

DAMAGES (through O. Fr. damage, mod. Fr. dommage, from Lat. damnum, loss)

damages and See also:

COSTS

costs against persons guilty of pound See also:

BREACH (Mid. Eng. breche, derived from the common Teutonic root brec, which appears in " break," Ger. brechen, &c.)

breach; and by statute of 1843 (Pound Breach) persons releasing or attempting to See also:

RELEASE (O.Fr. reles, variant of relais, from relaisser, to release, let go, Lat. relaxare)

release cattle impounded or damaging any pound are liable to a See also:

FINE

fine not exceeding £5, awardable to the person on whose behalf the cattle were distrained, with imprisonment with hard labour in See also:

DEFAULT (Fr. defaut, from defailler, to fail, Lat. fallere)

default. In the old See also:

law books i Pound, in sense (I), is represented See also:

LATE

late in O.E. by the compounds pund-See also:

FOLD

fold and pund-breche and by the derivative pyndan, to See also:

dam up, enclose, and for-pyndan, to shut out. The origin is unknown; " See also:

PEN (Lat. penna, a feather, pen)

pen," an enclosure, is from a different See also:

root; " See also:

pond " a small See also:

POOL

pool of water, is a See also:

MIDDLE

Middle See also:

ENGLISH

English variant of " pound." In sense (2) the O.E. and M.E. pund, Du. pond, Ger. Pfund, are derivatives of the See also:

Lat. indeclinable substantive tondo—really an See also:

ABLATIVE (Lat. ablativus, sc. cases, from ablatum, taken away)

ablative singular as if from pondus (2nd declension)—a variant of pondus, ponderis, See also:

WEIGHT

weight. The Lat. See also:

PONDO

pondo is used as a shortened See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form of See also:

LIBRA (" THE BALANCE ")

libra pondo, pound by weight.

Finally is the verb " to pound," to crush by beating, to strike or See also:

BEAT (a word common in various forms to the Teutonic languages; it is connected with the similar Romanic words derived from the Late Lat. battere)

beat; this in O.E. is punian, the d being excrescent as in " See also:

sound," See also:

NOISE (a word of doubtful origin; O. Fr. nogse or nose; Prov. nausa, which points to Lat. nausea, sickness, as the origin; others take Lat. noxia, harm, as the source)

noise. The word is rare outside English; cf. Mod. Du. puin, rubbish, broken See also:

stone.varieties of pounds—as a See also:

COMMON

common pound, an open pound an& a See also:

close pound—are enumerated. By the Distress for Rent See also:

ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act 1737 any person distraining for rent may turn any See also:

PART

part of the premises into a pound See also:

pro hac See also:

VICE

vice for securing the distress. Pounds are not now much used. (F.

End of Article: POUND

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