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OTWAY, THOMAS (1652-1685)

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Originally appearing in Volume V20, Page 377 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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OTWAY, See also:THOMAS (1652-1685) , See also:English dramatist, was See also:born at Trotton, near See also:Midhurst, See also:Sussex, on the 3rd of See also:March 1652. His See also:father, See also:Humphrey Otway, was at that See also:time See also:curate of Trotton, but Otway's childhood was spent at Woolbeding, a See also:parish 3 M. distant, of which his father had become See also:rector. He was educated at See also:Winchester See also:College, and in 1669 entered See also:Christ See also:Church, See also:Oxford, as a commoner, but See also:left the university without a degree in the autumn of 1672. At Oxford he made the acquaintance of See also:Anthony See also:Cary, 5th See also:viscount See also:Falkland, through whom, he says in the See also:dedication to See also:Caius See also:Marius, he first learned to love books. In See also:London he made acquaintance with Mrs Aphra See also:Behn, who in 1672 See also:cast him for the See also:part of the old See also:king in her Forc'd See also:Marriage, or The Jealous Bridegroom, at the See also:Dorset See also:Garden See also:Theatre, but he had a See also:bad attack of See also:stage fright, and never made a second See also:appearance. In 1675 Thomas See also:Betterton produced at the same theatre Otway's first dramatic See also:attempt, See also:Alcibiades, which was printed in the same See also:year. It is a poor tragedy, written in heroic See also:verse, but was saved from See also:absolute failure by the actors. Mrs See also:Barry took the part of Draxilla, and her See also:lover, the See also:earl of See also:Rochester, recommended the author of the piece to the See also:notice of the See also:duke of See also:York. He made a See also:great advance on this first See also:work in See also:Don See also:Carlos, See also:Prince of See also:Spain (licensed See also:June 15, 1676; an undated edition probably belongs to the same year). The material for this rhymed tragedy Otway took from the novel of the same name, written in 1672 by the See also:Abbe de See also:Saint-Real, the source from which See also:Schiller also See also:drew his tragedy of Don Carlos. In it the two characters See also:familiar throughout his plays make their appearance. Don Carlos is the impetuous, unstable youth, who seems to be See also:drawn from Otway himself, while the See also:queen's part is the See also:gentle pathetic See also:character repeated in his more celebrated heroines, Monimia and Belvidera.

" It got more See also:

money," says See also:John See also:Downes (Roscius Anglicanus, 1708) of this See also:play, " than any preceding See also:modern tragedy." In 1677 Betterton produced two adaptations from the See also:French by Otway, See also:Titus and See also:Berenice (from See also:Racine's Berenice), and the Cheats of See also:Sea See also:pin (from See also:Moliere's Fourberies de Scapin). These were printed together, with a dedication to See also:Lord Rochester. In 1678 he Duc (See also:Diet. de l'See also:architecture) gives a See also:diagram of such an See also:oubliette produced an See also:original See also:comedy, Friendship in See also:Fashion, popular at at the See also:castle of See also:Pierrefonds, See also:France. Many so-called " oublithe moment, though it was hissed off the stage for its See also:gross I ettes " in See also:medieval castles were probably outlets for the disposal indecency when it was revived at See also:Drury See also:Lane in 1749. Mean- of drainage, refuse, &c., which at times may have served for the while he had conceived an overwhelming See also:passion for Mrs Barry, getting rid of prisoners. who filled many of the leading parts in his plays. Six of his OUCH, a See also:brooch, clasp or See also:buckle, especially one ornamented letters to her survive, the last of them referring to a broken with jewels, enamels, &c., and used to clasp a See also:cope or other See also:appointment in the Mall. Mrs Barry seems to have coquetted ecclesiastical vestment. It is also used, as in Exod. xxxix. 6, of with Otway, but she had no intention of permanently offending the See also:gold or See also:silver setting of jewels. The word is an example of the Rochester. In 1678, driven to desperation by Mrs Barry, misdivision of a substantive and the indefinite See also:article, being Otway obtained a See also:commission through See also:Charles, earl of See also:Plymouth, properly " nouche," " a nouche " being divided into " an ouche," a natural son of Charles II., in a See also:regiment serving in the Nether- as a napron into an See also:apron, a nadder into an See also:adder, and, reversely, lands.

The English troops were disbanded in 1679, but were an ewt, i.e. eft, into a See also:

newt. " Nouche " was adapted into O. Fr., left to find their way See also:home as best they could. They were also whence English took the word, from the See also:Late See also:Lat. nusca, brooch; paid with depreciated See also:paper, and Otway arrived in London late probably the original is See also:Celtic, cf. O. Irish nasc, See also:ring, nasgaim, in the year, ragged and dirty, a circumstance utilized by Rochester fasten. in his " Sessions of the Poets," which contains a scurrilous attack OUDENARDE (Flemish Oudenaerde), a See also:town of See also:Belgium in on his former protege. See also:Early in the next year (See also:February 168o) the See also:province of See also:East See also:Flanders, 18 m. S. of See also:Ghent. Pop. (1004) was produced at Dorset Garden the first of Otway's two tragic 6572. While it is best known for the great victory gained by masterpieces, The See also:Orphan, or The Unhappy Marriage, Mrs Barry See also:Marlborough and See also:Eugene over the French under See also:Vendome in 1708, playing the part of Monimia.

Written in See also:

blank verse, which Oudenarde has many features of See also:interest. The town See also:hall, which shows a study of See also:Shakespeare, its success was due to the tragic took ten. years to build (1525–1535), has after that of See also:Louvain pathos, of which Otway was a See also:master, in the characters of Castalio the most elaborately decorated See also:facade in Belgium. It was and Monimia. The See also:History and Fall of Caius Marius, produced in designed by H. See also:van Peede and G. de Ronde, and is in See also:tertiary the same year, and printed in 1692, is a curious grafting of Shake- See also:Gothic See also:style. The See also:belfry See also:tower of five storeys with three terraces, speare's Romeo and Juliet on the See also:story of Marius as related in surmounted by a See also:golden figure, is a striking feature. The See also:council See also:Plutarch's Lives. In 168o Otway also published The Poet's chamber contains a See also:fine See also:oak See also:door and Gothic See also:chimney-piece, Complaint of his Muse, or A Satyr against Libells, in which both c. 1530. There are also two interesting old churches, St he retaliated on his See also:literary enemies. An indifferent comedy, Walburga, partly of the 12th and partly of the 14th See also:century, The Soldier's See also:Fortune (1681), was followed in February 1682 by and Notre See also:Dame, dating from the 13th century. The former See also:Venice Preserved, or A See also:Plot Discover'd. The story is founded on contains several fine pictures by Craeyer and other old Flemish the Histoire de la conjuration See also:des Espagnois contre la Venise en masters.

7678, by the Abbe de Saint-Real, but Otway modified the story The See also:

Battle of Oudenarde (June 3oth–See also:July 11th 1708) was fought considerably. The character of Belvidera is his own, and the on the ground See also:north-See also:west and north of the town, which was then leading part in the See also:conspiracy, taken by Bedamor, the See also:Spanish regularly fortified and was garrisoned by a force of the See also:Allies. See also:ambassador, is given in the play to the historically insignificant The French See also:army under the duke of See also:Burgundy and See also:Marshal See also:Pierre and Jaffier. The piece has a See also:political meaning, enforced Vendome, after an abortive attempt to invest Oudenarde, took in the See also:prologue. The Popish Plot was in Otway's mind, and up a defensive position north of the town when Marlborough Anthony, 1st earl of See also:Shaftesbury, is caricatured in See also:Antonio. and Eugene, after a forced march, arrived with the See also:main Allied The play won instant success. It was translated into almost every army. The advanced guard of the Allies under See also:General (Lord) modern See also:European See also:language, and even See also:Dryden said of it: See also:Cadogan promptly crossed the See also:Scheldt and annihilated an out-" Nature is there, which is the greatest beauty." The Orphan lying See also:body of French troops, and Cadogan established himself and Venice Preserved remained stock pieces on the stage until on the ground he had won in front of the French centre. But the 19th century, and the leading actresses of the See also:period played the Allied main army took a See also:long time to See also:defile over the Scheldt Monimia and Belvidera. One or two prefaces, another weak and could See also:form up (on the left of Cadogan's detachment) only comedy, The Atheist (1684), and two See also:posthumous pieces, a poem, slowly and by degrees. Observing this, Burgundy resolved to See also:Windsor Castle (1685), a See also:panegyric of Charles II., and a throw forward his right towards Oudenarde to engage and hold History of the Triumvirates (1686), translated from the French, , the main body of the Allies before their See also:line of battle could be See also:complete the See also:list of Otway's See also:works. He apparently ceased to formed. This effected, it was hoped that the See also:remainder of the struggle against his poverty and misfortunes. The generally French army could isolate and destroy Cadogan's detachment, accepted story regarding the manner of his See also:death was first given which was already closely engaged with the French centre. in See also:Theophilus See also:Cibber's Lives of the Poets.

He is said to have But he miscalculated both the endurance of Cadogan's men emerged from his See also:

retreat at the See also:Bull on Tower See also:Hill to beg (amongst whom the Prussians were conspicuous for their tenacity) for See also:bread. A passer-by, learning who he was, gave him a f and the rapidity with which in Marlborough's and Eugene's See also:guinea, with which Otway hastened to a See also:baker's See also:shop. He began hands the wearied troops of the Allies could be made to move. too hastily to satisfy his ravenous See also:hunger, and choked with the Marlborough, who personally directed the operations . on his first mouthful. Whether this See also:account of his death be true or not, left wing, not only formed his line of battle successfully, but also it is certain that he died in the utmost poverty, and was buried on began seriously to See also:press the forces that had been sent to check the 16th of See also:April 1685 in the See also:churchyard of St See also:Clement Danes. his deployment, Before long, while the hostile left wing still A tragedy entitled Heroick Friendship was printed in 1686 as remained inactive, the unfortunate troops of the French centre Otway's work, but the ascription is unlikely. and right were gradually hemmed in by the whole force of the The Works of Mr Thomas Otway with some account of his See also:life and Allies. The decisive See also:blow was delivered by the Dutch marshal, writings, published in 1712, was followed by other See also:editions (1757, Overkirk, who was sent by Marlborough with a large force (the 1768, 1812). The See also:standard edition is that by T. See also:Thornton (1813)• last reserve of the Allies) to make a wide turning See also:movement A selection of his plays was edited for the Mermaid See also:series (1891 and 1903) by Roden See also:Noel. See also E. See also:Gosse, Seventeenth Century See also:round the extreme right of the French, and at the proper time Studies 1883) ; and Genest, History of the Stage. attacked them in See also:rear.

End of Article: OTWAY, THOMAS (1652-1685)

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