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GOSSE, PHILIP HENRY (1810–r888)

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Originally appearing in Volume V12, Page 269 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GOSSE, See also:PHILIP See also:HENRY (1810–r888) , See also:English naturalist, was See also:born at See also:Worcester on the 6th of See also:April 1810, his See also:father, See also:Thomas Gosse (1765–1844) being a See also:miniature painter. In his youth the See also:family settled at See also:Poole, where Gosse's turn for natural See also:history was noticed and encouraged by his aunt, Mrs See also:Bell, the See also:mother of the zoologist, Thomas Bell (1792–1880). He had, however, little opportunity for developing it until, in 1827, he found himself clerk in a whaler's See also:office at Carbonear, in See also:Newfoundland, where he beguiled the tedium of his See also:life by observations, chiefly with the See also:microscope. After a brief and unsuccessful interlude of farming in See also:Canada, during which he wrote an unpublished See also:work on the See also:entomology of Newfoundland, he travelled in the See also:United States, was received and noticed by men of See also:science, was employed as a teacher for some See also:time in See also:Alabama, and returned to See also:England in 1839. His See also:Canadian Naturalist (1840), written on the voyage See also:home, was followed in 1843 by his Introduction to See also:Zoology. His first widely popular See also:book was The Ocean (1844). In 1844 Gosse, who had meanwhile been teaching in See also:London, was sent by the See also:British Museum to collect specimens of natural history in See also:Jamaica. He spent nearly two years on that See also:island, and after his return published his Birds of Jamaica (1847) and his Naturalist's Sojourn in Jamaica (1851). He also wrote about this time several zoological See also:works for the S.P.C.K., and laboured to such an extent as to impair his See also:health. While recovering at See also:Ilfracombe, he was attracted by the forms of marine life so abundant on that See also:shore, and in 1853 published A Naturalist's Rambles on the See also:Devonshire See also:Coast, accompanied by a description of the marine See also:aquarium invented by him, by means of which he succeeded in preserving zoophytes and other marine animals of the humbler grades alive and in See also:good See also:condition away from the See also:sea. This arrangement was more fully set forth and illustrated in his Aquarium (1854), succeeded in 1855–1856 by A See also:Manual of Marine Zoology, in two volumes, illustrated by nearly 700 See also:wood engravings after the author's drawings. A See also:volume on the marine See also:fauna of See also:Tenby succeeded in 1856.

In See also:

June of the same See also:year he was elected F.R.S. Gosse, who was a most careful observer, but who lacked the philosophical spirit, was now tempted to See also:essay work of a more ambitious See also:order, See also:publishing in 1857 two books, Life and Omphalos, embodying his speculations on the See also:appearance of life on the See also:earth, which he considered to have been instantaneous, at least as regarded its higher forms. His views met with no favour from scientific men, and he returned to the See also:field of observation, which he was better qualified to cultivate. Taking up his See also:residence at St Marychurch, in See also:South See also:Devon, he produced from 1858 to 186o his See also:standard work on sea-anemones, the Actinologia Britannica. The See also:Romance of Natural History and other popular works followed. In 1865 he abandoned authorship, and chiefly devoted himself to the cultivation of See also:orchids. Study of the See also:Rotifera, however, also engaged his See also:attention, and his results were embodied in a monograph by Dr C. T. See also:Hudson (1886). He died at St Marychurch on the 23rd of See also:August 1888. His life was written by his son, See also:Edmund Gosse.

End of Article: GOSSE, PHILIP HENRY (1810–r888)

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