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TURNER, SIR JAMES (1615–1686)

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Originally appearing in Volume V27, Page 474 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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TURNER, See also:SIR See also:JAMES (1615–1686) , Scottish soldier and military writer, was educated with a view to his entering the See also:Church, but See also:early showed his preference for the profession of arms by enlisting in the See also:Swedish See also:army, then the most famous training-school in See also:Europe. He saw considerable service in the See also:Thirty Years' See also:War, and in 164o returned to See also:Scotland as a See also:captain. It was not See also:long before he secured employment, and as a See also:major he accompanied the Scottish army m its invasion of See also:England in the same See also:year, successfully avoiding the See also:imposition of the " See also:Covenant " as a test. With See also:Lord See also:Sinclair's See also:regiment Major Turner served in See also:Ulster, and subsequently, after failing to join See also:Montrose's army, accompanied the Scottish army until See also:Naseby practically ended the See also:Civil War. Turner was often with See also:Charles I. during his detention at See also:Leslie's headquarters, and continually urged him to See also:escape.. Up to this See also:time he had served against the See also:king, but always with some repugnance, and he welcomed the opportunity when in 1648 the cause of the king and the interests of the Scottish nation for the moment coincided. In the disastrous See also:campaign which followed Turner was at See also:Hamilton's headquarters, and it was owing to the neglect of his See also:advice that the rout of See also:Preston took See also:place. Taken in the final surrender at See also:Uttoxeter, he spent some time in captivity, but in 1649 was re-leased and sent abroad. He was unable for want of means to reach Montrose in time to join in the final venture of the noblest of the Royalist commanders, but he landed in Scotland on the See also:day before See also:Dunbar, and in the See also:grave crisis that followed was a welcome ally. As a See also:colonel and See also:adjutant-See also:general of See also:foot he was with Charles II. at See also:Worcester. In that See also:battle he was captured, but regained his See also:liberty, and after many adventures escaped to the See also:Continent, where for some years he was engaged in various Royalist intrigues, conspiracies and attempted insurrections. At the Restoration he was knighted, and in 1662 he became a major in the Royal See also:Guards.

Four years later, as a See also:

district See also:commander in Scotland, he was called upon to See also:deal severely with Covenanter disturbances. Though not, it appears, unjust, his dragooning methods eventually led to his being deprived of his command. The See also:rest of his See also:life was spent .in retirement. A See also:pension was granted to him by James II. in 1685. In 1683 he had published his See also:Pallas armata, Military Essayes of the See also:Ancient Grecian, See also:Roman and See also:Modern See also:Art of War, one of the most valuable authorities for the See also:history of military sciences.

End of Article: TURNER, SIR JAMES (1615–1686)

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TURNER, WILLIAM (d. 1568)