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See also:GERRY, ELBRIDGE (1744–1814) , See also:American statesman, was See also:born in See also:Marblehead, See also:Massachusetts, on the 17th of See also:July 1744, the son of See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas Gerry (d. 1774), a native of See also:Newton, See also:England, who emigrated to See also:America in 1730, and became a prosperous Marblehead See also:merchant. The son graduated at Harvard in 1762 and entered his See also:father's business. In 1772 and 1773 he was a member of the Massachusetts See also:General See also:Court, inwhich he identified himself with See also:Samuel See also:- ADAMS
- ADAMS, ANDREW LEITH (1827-1882)
- ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS (1807-1886)
- ADAMS, HENRY (1838— )
- ADAMS, HENRY CARTER (1852— )
- ADAMS, HERBERT (i858— )
- ADAMS, HERBERT BAXTER (1850—1901)
- ADAMS, JOHN (1735–1826)
- ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY (1767-1848)
- ADAMS, SAMUEL (1722-1803)
- ADAMS, THOMAS (d. c. 1655)
- ADAMS, WILLIAM (d. 162o)
Adams and the patriot party, and in 1773 he served on the See also:Committee of See also:Correspondence, which became one of the See also:great See also:instruments of intercolonial resistance. In 1774–1775 he was a member of the Massachusetts Provincial See also:Congress. The passage of a See also:bill proposed by him (See also:November 1775) to See also:arm and equip See also:ships to See also:prey upon See also:British See also:commerce, and for the See also:establishment of a See also:prize court, was, according to his biographer, See also:Austin, " the first actual avowal of offensive hostility against the See also:mother See also:country, which is to be found in the See also:annals of the Revolution." It is also noteworthy, says Austin, as " the first effort to establish an American See also:naval armament." From 1776 to 1781 Gerry was a member of the See also:Continental Congress, where he See also:early advocated See also:independence, and was one of those who signed the See also:Declaration after its formal See also:signing on the 2nd of See also:August 1776,, at which See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time he was absent. He was active in debates and committee See also:work, and for some time held the chairmanship of the important See also:standing committee for the superintendence of the See also:treasury, in which capacity he exercised a pre-dominating See also:influence on congressional expenditures. In See also:February 178o he withdrew from Congress because of its refusal to See also:respond to his See also:call for the yeas and nays. Subsequently he laid his protest before the Massachusetts General Court which voted its approval of his See also:action. On his return to Massachusetts, and while he was still a member of Congress, he was elected under the new See also:state constitution (1780) to both branches of the state legislature, but accepted only his See also:election to the See also:House of Representatives. On the expiration of his congressional See also:term, he was again chosen a delegate by the Massachusetts legislature, but it was not until 1783 that he resumed his seat. During the second See also:period of his service in Congress, which lasted until 1785, he was a member of the committee to consider the treaty of See also:peace with Great See also:Britain, and chairman of two committees appointed to select a permanent seat of See also:government. In 1784 he bitterly attacked the establishment of the See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of the See also:Cincinnati on the ground that it was a dangerous menace to democratic institutions. In 1786 he served in the state House of Representatives. Not favouring the creation of a strong See also:national government he declined to attend the See also:Annapolis See also:Convention in 1786, but in the following See also:year, when the assembling of the Constitutional Convention was an assured fact, although he opposed the purpose for which it was called, he accepted an See also:appointment as one of the Massachusetts delegates, with the See also:idea that he might personally help to check too strong a tendency toward centralization. His exertions in the convention were ceaseless in opposition to what he believed to be the wholly undemocratic See also:character of the See also:instrument, and eventually he refused to sign the completed constitution. Returning to Massachusetts, he spoke and wrote in opposition to its ratification, and although not a member of the convention called to pass upon it, he laid before this convention, by See also:request, his reasons for opposing it, among them being that the constitution contained no bill of rights, that the executive would unduly influence the legislative See also:branch of the government, and that the judiciary would be oppressive. Subsequently he served as an See also:Anti-Federalist in the national House of Representatives in 1789–1793, taking, as always, a prominent See also:part in debates and other legislative concerns. In 1797 he was sent by See also:President See also:John Adams, together with John See also:Marshall and See also:Charles Cotesworth See also:Pinckney, on a See also:mission to See also:France to obtain from the government of the See also:Directory a treaty embodying a See also:settlement of several See also:long-standing disputes. The discourteous and under-handed treatment of this See also:embassy by Talleyrand and his agents,
who attempted to obtain their ends by See also:bribery, threats and duplicity, resulted in the speedy retirement of Marshall and Pinckney. The See also:episode is known in American See also:history as the " X Y Z Affair." Gerry, although despairing of any See also:good results, remained in See also:Paris for some time in the vain See also:hope that Talleyrand might offer to a known friend of France terms that had been refused to envoys whose anti-See also:French views were more than suspected. This action of Gerry's brought down upon him from Federalist partisans a See also:storm of abuse and censure, from which he never wholly cleared himself. In 1810—1812 he was See also:governor of Massachusetts. His See also:administration,which was marked by extreme partisanship, was especially notable for the enactment of a See also:law by which the state was divided into new senatorial districts in such a manner as to consolidate the Federalist See also:vote in a few districts, thus giving the Democratic-Republicans an undue See also:advantage. The outline of one of these districts, which was thought to resemble a See also:salamander, gave rise in 1812, through a popular application of the governor's name, to the term " See also:Gerrymander " (q.v.). In 1812, Gerry, who was an ardent See also:advocate of the See also:war with Great Britain, was elected See also:vice-president of the See also:United States, on the See also:ticket with See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James See also:Madison. He died in See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office at See also:Washington on the 23rd of November 1814.
See J. T. Austin, See also:Life of Elbridge Gerry, with Contemporary Letters (2 vols., See also:Boston, 1828-1829).
End of Article: GERRY, ELBRIDGE (1744–1814)
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