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See also:WITHERSPOON, See also:JOHN (1723-1794) , Scottish-See also:American divine and educationalist, was See also:born at See also:Gifford, Yester See also:parish, See also:East See also:Lothian, See also:Scotland; on the 5th of See also:February 1722/1723, the son of a See also:minister of the Scotch Established See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church, See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James See also:Wither-See also:spoon (d. 1759), and a descendant on the See also:distaff See also:side from John Welch and John See also:Knox. He studied at See also:Haddington, and graduated in 1739 at the university of See also:Edinburgh, where he completed a divinity course in 1743. He was licensed to preach by the Haddington See also:presbytery in 1743, and after two years as a probationer was ordained (1745) minister of the parish of Beith. His Ecclesiastical Characteristics (1753), Serious See also:Apology (1764), and See also:History of a See also:Corporation of Servants discovered a few years ago in the Interior Parts of See also:South See also:America (1765), attacked various abuses in the church and satirized the " moderate " party. In 1757 he had become pastor at See also:Paisley; and in 1769 he received the degree of D.D. from See also:Aberdeen. He was sued for See also:libel for See also:printing a rebuke to some of his parishioners who had travestied the See also:sacrament of the See also:Lord's Supper; and after several years in the courts he was ordered to pay See also:damages of £15o, which was raised by his parishioners. He refused calls to churches in See also:Dublin and See also:Rotterdam, and in 1766 declined an invitation brought him by See also:Richard See also:Stockton to go to America as See also:president
See also:WITNESS 759
of the See also:College of New See also:jersey (now See also:Princeton University); but he accepted a second invitation and See also:left Paisley in May 1768. His See also:close relation with the Scotch Church secured important material assistance for the college of which he now became president, and he toured New See also:England to collect contributions. He secured an excellent set of scientific apparatus and improved the instruction in the natural sciences; he introduced courses in See also:Hebrew and See also:French about 1772; and he did a large See also:part of the actual teaching, having courses in See also:languages, divinity, moral See also:philosophy and eloquence. In the American Presbyterian church he was a prominent figure; he worked for See also:union with the Congregationalists and with the Dutch Reformed See also:body; and at the See also:synod of 1786 he was one of the See also:committee which reported in favour of the formation of a See also:General See also:Assembly and which drafted " a See also:system of general rules for . . . See also:government." In politics he did much to See also:influence Irish and Scotch-Irish Presbyterians to support the Whig party. He was a member of the provincial See also:congress which met at New See also:Brunswick in See also:July 1974; presided over the See also:Somerset See also:county committee of corre-
spondence in 1774—1775; was a member of the New Jersey constitutional See also:convention in the See also:spring of 1776; and from See also:June
1776 to the autumn of 1779 and in 1780—1783 he was a member of the See also:Continental Congress, where he urged the See also:adoption of the See also:Declaration of See also:Independence, being the only clergyman to sign it. He became a member of the See also:secret committee of See also:correspondence in See also:October 1776, of the See also:Board of See also:War in October
1777, and of the committee on See also:finance in 1778. He opposed the issue of See also:paper See also:money, supported See also:Robert See also:Morris's See also:plan for a
See also:national See also:bank, and was prominently connected with all Congressional See also:action in regard to the See also:peace with See also:Great See also:Britain. He had lost the sight of one See also:eye in 1784, and in 1791 became quite See also:blind. He died on his See also:farm, See also:Tusculum, near Princeton, on the
15th of See also:November 1794.
There is a statue of Witherspoon in Fairmount See also:Park, See also:Philadelphia, and another on the University Library at Princeton. His See also:Essay on the Connexion between the See also:Doctrine of See also:Justification by the Imputed Righteousness of See also:Christ and Holiness of See also:Life (1756) was his See also:principal theological See also:work. He also published several sermons, and Considerations on the Nature and Extent of the Legislative Authority of the See also:British See also:Parliament (1774), sometimes attributed to See also:Benjamin See also:Franklin. His collected See also:works, with a memoir by his son-in-See also:law, See also:Samuel See also:Stanhope See also:- SMITH
- SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
- SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
- SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
- SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
- SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
- SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
- SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
- SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
- SMITH, G
- SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
- SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
- SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
- SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
- SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
- SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
- SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
- SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
- SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
- SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
- SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
- SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
- SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
- SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
- SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
- SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
- SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
- SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
- SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
- SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
- SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
Smith (who succeeded him as president of the college), were edited by Dr Ashbel See also:Green (New See also:York, 1801–1802). See also See also:David See also:- WALKER, FRANCIS AMASA (1840-1897)
- WALKER, FREDERICK (184o--1875)
- WALKER, GEORGE (c. 1618-169o)
- WALKER, HENRY OLIVER (1843— )
- WALKER, HORATIO (1858– )
- WALKER, JOHN (1732—1807)
- WALKER, OBADIAH (1616-1699)
- WALKER, ROBERT (d. c. 1658)
- WALKER, ROBERT JAMES (1801-1869)
- WALKER, SEARS COOK (1805—1853)
- WALKER, THOMAS (1784—1836)
- WALKER, WILLIAM (1824-1860)
Walker See also:Woods, John Witherspoon (New York, 1906) ; and M. C. See also:Tyler, See also:Literary History of the American Revolution, vol. ii. (1897).
End of Article: WITHERSPOON, JOHN (1723-1794)
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