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HADDINGTON , a royal, municipal and See also:police See also:burgh, and
See also:county See also:town of See also:Haddingtonshire, See also:Scotland. Pop. (1901), 3993.
It is situated on the See also:Tyne, 18 m. E. of See also:Edinburgh by the See also:North See also:British railway, being the See also:terminus of a See also:branch See also:line from Longniddry Junction. Five See also:bridges See also:cross the See also:river, on the right See also:bank of which lies the old and somewhat decayed suburb of Nungate, interesting as having contained the Giffordgate, where See also:John See also:Knox was See also:born, and where also are the ruins of the pre-See also:Reformation See also:chapel of St See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin. The See also:principal See also:building in the town is St See also:Mary's See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church, a cruciform Decorated edifice in red See also:sandstone, probably dating from the 13th See also:century. It is 210 ft. See also:long, and is surmounted by a square See also:tower 90 ft. high. The See also:nave, restored in 1892, is used as the See also:parish church, but the See also:choir and transepts are roofless, though otherwise kept in repair. In a vault is a See also:fine See also:monument in See also:alabaster, consisting of the recumbent figures of John, See also:Lord See also:Maitland of Thirlestane (1545—1595), See also:chancellor of Scotland, and his wife. The laudatory See also:sonnet composed by See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James VI. is inscribed on the See also:tomb. In the same vault John, See also:duke of See also:Lauderdale (1616—1682), is buried. In the choir is the tombstone which See also:Carlyle erected over the See also:grave of his wife, Jane See also:Baillie Welsh (18o1—1866), a native of the town. Other public edifices include the county buildings in the Tudor See also:style, in front of which stands the monument to See also:George, 8th See also:marquess of See also:Tweeddale (1787—1876), who was such an See also:expert and enthusiastic coachman that he once drove the See also:mail from See also:London to Haddington without taking See also:rest; the See also:corn See also:exchange, next to that of Edinburgh the largest in Scotland; the town See also:house, with a See also:spire 150 ft. high, in front of which is a monument to John See also:Home, the author of See also:Douglas; the See also:district See also:asylum to the north of the burgh; the western district See also:hospital; the Tenterfield home for See also:children; the See also:free library and the Knox Memorial See also:Institute. This last-named building was erected in 1879 to replace the old and famous See also:grammar school, where John Knox, See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Dunbar, John See also:Major and possibly George See also:Buchanan and See also:Sir See also:David See also:Lindsay were educated. John See also:- BROWN
- BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
- BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
- BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
- BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
- BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
- BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
- BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
- BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
- BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
- BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
- BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
- BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
- BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
- BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
- BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
- BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
- BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
- BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
- BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
- BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
- BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
- BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)
Brown (1722—1787), a once celebrated dissenting divine, author of the Self-Interpreting See also:Bible, ministered in the burgh for 36 years and is buried there; his son John the theologian (1754—1832), and his See also:grandson See also:Samuel (1817—1856), the chemist, noted for his inquiries into the atomic theory, were natives. Samuel See also:Smiles (1812—1904), author of See also:Character, Self-Help and other See also:works, was also born there, and See also:Edward See also:Irving was for years mathematical See also:master in the grammar school. In Hardgate See also:Street is " See also:Bothwell See also:Castle," the town house of the See also:earl of Both-well, where Mary See also:Queen of Scots rested on her way to Dunbar. The See also:ancient See also:market cross has been restored. The leading See also:industries are the making of agricultural implements, manufactures of woollens and sacking, See also:brewing, tanning and See also:coach-building, besides corn See also:mills and See also:engineering works.
The burgh is the See also:retail centre for a large district, and its See also:grain markets, once the largest in Scotland, are still of considerable importance. Haddington was created a royal burgh by David I. It also received charters from See also:Robert See also:Bruce, Robert II. and James VI. In 1139 it was given as a See also:dowry to Ada, daughter of William de See also:Warenne, earl of See also:Surrey, on her See also:marriage to See also:Prince See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry, the only son of David I. It was occasionally the See also:residence of See also:royalty, and See also:Alexander II. was born there in 1198. Lying in the See also:direct road of the See also:English invaders, the town was often ravaged. It was burned by See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King John in 1216 and by Henry III. in 1244. Fortified in 1548 by Lord See also:Grey of See also:Wilton, the English See also:commander, it was besieged next See also:year by the Scots and See also:French, who forced the See also:garrison to withdraw. So much slaughter had gone on during that See also:period of See also:storm and stress that it was long impossible to excavate in any direction without coming
necks or vents. The Carboniferous See also:Limestone See also:series which succeeds the Calciferous Sandstone consists of a See also:middle See also:group of sandstones, shales, coals and ironstones, with a limestone group above and below. The See also:coal-See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field is synclinal in structure, See also:Port See also:Seton being about the centre; it contains ten seams of coal, and the See also:area covered by it is some 3o sq. m. Glacial See also:boulder See also:clay lies over much of the See also:lower ground, and ridges of See also:gravel and See also:sand flank the hills and See also:form extensive sheets. Traces of old raised See also:sea-beaches are found at several points along the See also:coast. At North See also:Berwick, Tynninghame and elsewhere there are stretches of blown sand. Limestone is worked at many places, and hematite was formerly obtained from the Garleton Hills.
See also:Climate and See also:Agriculture.—Though the county is exposed to the full sweep of the See also:east See also:wind during See also:March, See also:April and May, the climate is on the whole mild and equable. The rainfall is far below the See also:average of See also:Great See also:Britain, the mean for the year being 25 in., highest in midsummer and lowest in See also:spring. The average temperature for the year is 470'5 F., for See also:January 38° and for See also:July 59°. Throughout nearly the whole of the 19th century East See also:Lothian agriculture was held to be the best in Scotland, not so much in consequence of the natural fertility of the See also:soil as because of the enterprise of the cultivators, several of whom, like George See also:Hope of See also:Fenton Barns (1811-1876), brought scientific farming almost to perfection. See also:Mechanical appliances were adopted with exceptional alacrity, and indeed some that afterwards came into See also:general use were first employed in Haddington. See also:Drill See also:sowing of turnips See also:dates from 1734. The threshing See also:machine was introduced by See also:Andrew Meikle (1719–1811) in 1787, the See also:steam plough in 1862, and the See also:reaping machine soon after its invention, while See also:tile draining was first extensively used in the county. East Lothian is famous for the richness of its grain and See also:green crops, the See also:size of its holdings (average 200 acres) and the See also:good See also:housing of its labourers. The soils vary. Much of the Lammermuirs is necessarily unproductive, though the lower slopes are cultivated, a considerable See also:tract of the See also:land being very good. In the centre of the See also:shire occurs a See also:belt of tenacious yellow clay on a See also:tilly subsoil which is not adapted for agriculture. Along the coast the soil is sandy, but farther inland it is composed of See also:rich See also:loam and is very fertile. The land about Dunbar is the most productive, yielding a See also:potato—the "Dunbar red "—which is highly esteemed in the markets.
Of the grain crops oats and See also:barley are the principal, and their acreage is almost a See also:constant, but See also:wheat, after a prolonged decline, has experienced a revival. Turnips and potatoes are cultivated extensively, and with marked success, and constitute nearly all the green crops raised. Although pasture-land is below the average, live-stock are reared profitably. About one-sixteenth of the See also:total area is under See also:wood.
Other Industries.—See also:Fisheries are conducted from Dunbar, North Berwick, Port Seton and See also:Prestonpans, the catch consisting chiefly of See also:cod, See also:haddock, See also:whiting and shellfish. Fireclay as well as limestone is worked, and there are some See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone quarries, but the manufactures are mainly agricultural implements, pottery, woollens, artificial See also:manures, feeding-stuffs and See also:salt, besides brewing. Coal of a very See also:fair quality is extensively worked at See also:Tranent, Ormiston, Macmerry and near Prestonpans, the coal-field having an area of about 30 sq. m. Limestone is found throughout the greater See also:part of the shire. A vein of hematite of a peculiarly fine character was discovered in 1866 at Garleton See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
Hill, and wrought for some years. Ironstone has been See also:mined at Macmerry.
The North British See also:Company possess the See also:sole See also:running See also:powers in the county, through which is laid their See also:main line to Berwick and the See also:south. Branches are sent off at Drem to North Berwick, at Longniddry to Haddington and also to Gullane, at See also:Smeaton (in See also:Mid-Lothian) to Macmerry, and at Ormiston to See also:Gifford.
See also:Population and See also:Government.—The population was 37,377 in 1891, and 38,665 in 1901, when 459 persons spoke Gaelic and English, and 7 spoke Gaelic only. The See also:chief towns are Dunbar (pop. in 1901, 3581), Haddington (3993), North Berwick (2899), Prestonpans (2614) and Tranent (2584). The county, which returns one member to See also:Parliament, forms part of the sheriffdom of the Lothians and See also:Peebles, and there is a See also:resident See also:sheriff-substitute at Haddington, who sits also at Dunbar, Tranent
796
on human remains. The town has suffered much periodically from floods. One of the most memorable of these occurred on the 4th of See also:October 1775, when the Tyne See also:rose 8 ft. 9 in. above its See also:bed and inundated a great part of the burgh. An inscription in the centre of the town records the event and marks the point to which the See also:water rose.
There are many interesting places within a few See also:miles of Haddington. Five miles E. is Whittingehame House, and 5 m. N.E. is the thriving See also:village of East See also:Linton (pop. 919). About 21 M. N. lies Athelstaneford (locally, Elshinford), so named from the victory of Hungus, king of the Picts, in the 8th century over the Northumbrian Athelstane. On a hill near Drem, 31 m. N. by W., are traces of a Romano-British See also:settlement, and the remains of the See also:priest's house of the Knights See also:Templars, to whom the See also:barony once belonged. On the coast is the See also:pretty village of Aberlady on a fine See also:bay, and in the neighbourhood are some of the finest See also:golf links in Scotland, such as Luffness, Gullane, Archerfield and Muirfield. On Gosford Bay is Gosford House, an 18th-century See also:mansion, the seat of the earl of See also:Wemyss. At Gladsmuir, 31 m. W. of Haddington, alleged by some to have been the birthplace of George See also:Heriot, Principal See also:Robertson was See also:minister and wrote most of his See also:History of Scotland. Of the old seat of the Douglases at Longniddry few traces remain, and in the chapel, now in ruins, at the eastern end of the village, John Knox is said to have.preached occasionally. At Gifford, 4 M. to the S., John See also:Witherspoon (1722-1794), See also:president of the See also:College of New See also:Jersey (See also:Princeton), and See also:Charles Nisbet (1736-1804), president of See also:Dickinson College, See also:Carlisle, See also:Pennsylvania, were born. A little to the south of Gifford are Yester House, a seat of the marquess of Tweeddale, finely situated in a See also:park of old trees, and the ruins of Yester Castle. The cavern locally known as Hob-goblin See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
Hall is described in Marmion, and is associated with all kinds of manifestations of the See also:black See also:art. Lennoxlove, 11 m. to the S., a seat of Lord See also:Blantyre, was originally called Lethington, and for a few centuries was associated with the Maitlands. Amisfield, adjoining Haddington on the N.E., is another seat of the earl of Wemyss.
End of Article: HADDINGTON
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