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CARMINE , a pigment of a See also:bright red See also:colour obtained from See also:cochineal (q.v.). It may be prepared by exhausting cochineal with boiling See also:water and then treating the clear See also:solution with See also:alum, cream of See also:tartar, stannous chloride, or See also:acid oxalate of See also:potassium; the colouring and See also:animal matters See also:present in the liquid are thus precipitated. Other methods are in use; sometimes See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white of See also:egg, See also:fish See also:glue, or gelatine are added before the precipitation. The quality of carmine is affected by the temperature and the degree of See also:illumination during its preparation—sunlight being requisite for the See also:production of a brilliant See also:hue. It differs also according to the amount of alumina present in it. It is some-times adulterated with See also:cinnabar, See also:starch and other materials; from these the carmine can be separated by dissolving it in See also:ammonia. See also:Good carmine should crumble readily between the fingers when dry. Chemically, carmine is a See also:compound of See also:car-mine acid with alumina, See also:lime and some organic acid. Carmine is used in the manufacture of artificial See also:flowers, water-See also:colours, See also:rouge, cosmetics and See also:crimson See also:ink, and in the See also:painting of minia-tures. " Carmine See also:lake " is a pigment obtained by adding freshly precipitated alumina to decoction of cochineal.
End of Article: CARMINE
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