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MIDDLESEX, LIONEL CRANFIELD, 1ST EARL...

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Originally appearing in Volume V18, Page 413 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MIDDLESEX, LIONEL CRANFIELD, 1ST See also:EARL OF (1575-1645) , was a successful See also:London See also:merchant, who was introduced to See also:King See also:James I. by See also:Henry See also:Howard, earl of See also:Northampton, and entered the royal service in 1605. In 1613 he was knighted and was appointed surveyor-See also:general of customs; in 1616 he became one of the masters of See also:requests, and in 1619 See also:master of the See also:court of wards and liveries and See also:chief See also:commissioner of the See also:navy. He was returned to See also:parliament as member for See also:Hythe in 1614 and for See also:Arundel in 1621. Cranfield, who was also master of the See also:ward-robe, was responsible for many economies in the public service, and his business acumen was very useful to the king. He took See also:part in the attack on See also:Bacon in 1621, and although, contrary to general expectation, he did not succeed Bacon as See also:lord See also:chancellor, he was created See also:Baron Cranfield in See also:July of this See also:year. In 1621 also he became lord high treasurer, and in See also:September 1622 was created earl of Middlesex, losing his positions and See also:influence shortly afterwards because he opposed the projected See also:war with See also:Spain, and had incurred the hostility of See also:Prince See also:Charles and See also:George See also:Villiers, See also:duke of See also:Buckingham. Impeached by the See also:House of See also:Commons for corruption, he was found guilty by the House of Lords in May 1624 and was sentenced to lose all his offices, to pay a heavy See also:fine and to be imprisoned during the king's See also:pleasure. However, he was released from See also:prison in a few days, was pardoned in the following year, and was restored to his seat in the House of Lords in 164o. The earl's second wife was See also:Anne Brett (d. 1670). a See also:cousin of Buckingham's See also:mother, whom he married somewhat reluctantly in 1621 in See also:order to ensure Buckingham's support. Middlesex died on the 6th of See also:August 1645, leaving with other issue a son James (1621-1651), 2nd earl of Middlesex, who was a See also:partisan of the See also:parliamentary party during the See also:Civil War. James was succeeded by his See also:brother, Lionel, and when this earl died in See also:October 1674 his titles became See also:extinct.

The first earl's daughter Frances married See also:

Richard See also:Sackville, 5th earl of See also:Dorset, and their son Charles was created earl of Middlesex in 1675. Two years later he became earl of Dorset, and the See also:title of earl of Middlesex was See also:borne by the earls and See also:dukes of Dorset until 1843.

End of Article: MIDDLESEX, LIONEL CRANFIELD, 1ST EARL OF (1575-1645)

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