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POLOTSK , a See also:town of See also:Russia, in the See also:government of See also:Vitebsk, at the confluence of the Polota with the See also:Dvina, 62 m. by See also:rail N.W. of the town of Vitebsk. Pop. 20,751. Owing to the continuous See also:wars, of which, from its position on the See also:line of communication between central Russia and the See also:west it was for many centuries the See also:scene, scarcely any of its remarkable antiquities remain. The upper See also:castle, which stood at the confluence of the See also:rivers and had a See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone See also:wall with seven towers, is in ruins, as is the See also:lower castle formerly enclosed with strong walls and connected with the upper castle by a See also:bridge. The See also:cathedral of St See also:Sophia in the upper castle, built in the 12th See also:century, See also:fell to ruins in the 18th century, whereupon the See also:United See also:Greek See also:bishop substituted a See also:modern structure. Upwards of two-thirds of the inhabitants are See also:Jews; the See also:remainder have belonged mostly to the Orthodox Greek See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church since 1839, when they were compelled to abandon the United Greek Church. See also:Flax, See also:linseed, See also:corn and See also:timber are the leading articles of See also:commerce.
Polotesk or Poltesk is mentioned in 862 as one of the towns given by the Scandinavian Rurik to his men. In 98o it had a See also:prince of its own, Ragvald (Rogvolod or Rognvald), whose daughter is the subject of many legends. It remained an See also:independent principality until the 12th century, resisting the repeated attacks of the princes of See also:Kiev; those of See also:Pskov, Lithuania, and the Livonian Knights, however, proved more effective, and Polotsk fell under Lithuanian See also:rule in 1320. About 1385 its See also:independence was destroyed by the Lithuanian prince Vitovt. It was five times besieged by See also:Moscow in 15oo-18, and was taken by See also:Ivan the Terrible in 1563. Recaptured by See also:Stephen See also:Bathory, See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:Poland, sixteen years later, it became See also:Polish by the treaty of 1582. It was then a large and populous See also:city, and carried on an active commerce. Pestilences and conflagrations were its ruin; the See also:plague of 1566 wrought See also:great havoc among its inhabitants, and that of 1600 destroyed 15,000. The castles, the town and its walls were burned in 1607 and 1642. The Russians continued their attacks, burning and plundering the town, and twice, in 1633 and 1705, taking See also:possession of it for a few years. It was not definitely annexed, however, to Russia until 1772, after the first dismemberment of Poland. In 1812 its inhabitants resisted the See also:French invasion, and the town was partially destroyed.
End of Article: POLOTSK
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