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burden almost too heavy to be endured." Her first novel, Mary, a Fiction (1788), was intended to commemorate her friendship with Fanny. After closing the school at Newington Green, Mary became governess in the family of See also:

Lord Kingsborough, in See also:

Ireland. Her pupils were much attached to her, especially See also:

Margaret See also:

King, afterwards See also:

LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady Mountcashel; and indeed, Lady Kingsborough gave the See also:

REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason for dismissing her after one See also:

YEAR

year's service that the See also:

CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children loved their governess better than their mother. Mary now resolved to devote herself to See also:

LITERARY

literary See also:

WORK

work, and she was encouraged by Johnson, the publisher in St See also:

Paul's See also:

churchyard, for whom she acted as literary adviser. She also undertook See also:

TRANSLATIONS

translations, chiefly from the See also:

French. The Elements of Morality (1790) from the See also:

German of Salzmann, illustrated by See also:

Blake, an old-fashioned See also:

BOOK

book for children, and See also:

LAVATER, JOHANN KASPAR (1741—1801)

Lavater's See also:

PHYSIOGNOMY

Physiognomy were among her translations. Her See also:

ORIGINAL

Original Stories from Real Life were published in 1791, and, with illustrations by Blake, in 1796. In 1792 appeared A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, the work with which her name is always associated. It is not among the least oddities of this book that it is dedicated to M. Talleyrand See also:

PERIGORD

Perigord, See also:

LATE

late bishop of See also:

AUTUN

Autun.

Mary Wollstonecraft still believed him to be sincere, and working in the same direction as herself. In the See also:

DEDICATION (Lat. dedicatio, from dedicare, to proclaim, to announce)

dedication she states the " See also:

main See also:

ARGUMENT

argument " of the work, " built on this See also:

SIMPLE

simple principle that, if woman be not prepared by See also:

EDUCATION

education to become the See also:

COMPANION (through the O. Fr. compaignon or compagnon, from the Late Lat. companio,—cum, with, and panis, bread,—one who shares meals with another; the word has been wrongly derived from the Late Lat. compagnus, one of the same pages or district)

companion of See also:

man, she will stop the progress of knowledge, for truth must be See also:

COMMON

common to all, or it will be inefficacious with respect to its See also:

INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence or See also:

general practice." In carrying out this argument she used See also:

GREAT

great plainness of speech, and it was this that caused all, or nearly all, the outcry. For she did not attack the institution of marriage, nor assail orthodox See also:

religion; her book was really a plea for equality of education, passing into one for See also:

state education and for the See also:

JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

joint education of the sexes. It was a protest against the See also:

ASSUMPTION, FEAST OF

assumption that woman was only the plaything of man, and she asserted that intellectual companionship was the See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief, as it is the lasting, happiness of marriage. She thus directly opposed the teaching of See also:

Rousseau, of whom she was in other respects an ardent See also:

DISCIPLE

disciple. Mrs Wollstonecraft, as she now styled herself, desired to See also:

WATCH (in O. Eng. wcecce, a keeping guard or watching, from wacian, to guard, watch, wacan, to wake)

watch the progress of the Revolution in See also:

France, and went to See also:

Paris in 1792. Godwin, in his memoir of his wife, considers that the See also:

CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change of residence may have been prompted by the See also:

DISCOVERY

discovery that she was becoming attached to See also:

Henry See also:

FUSELI, HENRY (1741-1825)

Fuseli, but there is little to confirm this surmise; indeed, it was first proposed that she should go to Paris in See also:

COMPANY

company with him and his wife, nor was there any subsequent See also:

BREACH (Mid. Eng. breche, derived from the common Teutonic root brec, which appears in " break," Ger. brechen, &c.)

breach in their friendship. She remained in Paris during the Reign of Terror, when communication with See also:

England was difficult or almost impossible. Some See also:

time in the See also:

SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring or summer of 1793 See also:

CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain See also:

Gilbert Imlay, an See also:

AMERICAN

American, became acquainted with Mary—an acquaintance which ended in a more intimate connexion. There was no legal ceremony of marriage, and it is doubtful whether such a marriage would have been valid at the time; but she passed as Imlay's wife, and Imlay himself terms her in a legal document, " Mary Imlay, my best friend and wife." In See also:

AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1793 Imlay was called to See also:

Havre on business, and was absent for some months, during which time most bf the letters published after her death by Godwin were written. Towards the end of the year she joined Imlay at Havre, and there in the spring of 1794 she gave See also:

BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth to a girl, who received the name of Fanny, in memory of the dear friend of her youth. In this year she published the first See also:

VOLUME

volume of a never completed See also:

HISTORICAL

Historical and Moral View of the French Revolution.

Imlay became involved in a multitude of speculations, and his See also:

AFFECTION (Lat. ad, and facere, to do something to, sc. a person)

affection for Mary and their See also:

child was already waning. He See also:

LEFT

left Mary for some months at Havre. In See also:

JUNE

June 1795, after joining him in England, Mary left for See also:

Norway on business for Imlay. Her letters from Norway, divested of all See also:

PERSONAL

personal details, were afterwards published. She returned to England late in 1795, and found letters awaiting her from Imlay, intimating his intention to See also:

SEPARATE

separate from her, and offering to See also:

settle an See also:

ANNUITY (from Lat. annus, a year)

annuity on her and her child. For herself she rejected this offer with scorn: " From you," she wrote, " I will not receive anything more. I am not sufficiently humbled to depend on your beneficence." They met again, and for a See also:

SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short time lived together, until the discovery that he was carrying on an intrigue under her own roof drove her to despair, and she attempted to drown herself by leaping from Putney See also:

BRIDGE

bridge, but was rescued by watermen. Imlay now completely deserted her, although she continued to See also:

bear his name. In 1796, when Mary Wollstonecraft was living in London, supporting herself and her child by working, as before, for Mr Johnson, she met See also:

William Godwin. A friendship sprang up between them,—a friendship, as he himself says,.which " melted into love." Godwin states that " ideas which he is now willing to denominate prejudices made him by no means willing to conform to the ceremony of marriage "; but these prejudices were overcome, and they were married at St Pancras See also:

church on the 29th of See also:

March 1797. And now Mary had a See also:

SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season of real See also:

CALM

calm in her stormy existence. Godwin, for once only in his life, was stirred by See also:

PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

passion, and his admiration for his wife equalled his affection.

But their happiness was of short duration. The birth of her daughter Mary, afterwards the wife of See also:

Percy Bysshe See also:

Shelley, on the 3oth of August 1797, proved fatal, and Mrs Godwin died on the loth of See also:

SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September following. She was buried in the churchyard of Old St Pancras, but her remains were afterwards removed by See also:

Sir Percy Shelley to the churchyard of St See also:

Peter's, See also:

BOURNEMOUTH

Bournemouth. Her See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal published See also:

WORKS

works are as follows:—Thoughts on the Education of Daughters,. . . (1787) ; The See also:

FEMALE

Female Reader (selections) (1789); Original Stories from Real Life (1791) ; An Historical and Moral View of the Origin and Progress of the French Revolution, and the effects it has produced in See also:

EUROPE

Europe, vol. i. (no more published) (1790); Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792); Vindication of the Rights of Man (1793); Mary, a Fiction (1788); Letters written during a Short Residence in See also:

Sweden, Norway and See also:

Denmark (1796); See also:

POSTHUMOUS

Posthumous Works (4 vols., 1798). It is impossible to trace the many articles contributed by her to periodical literature. A memoir of her life was published by Godwin in 1798. A large portion of C. Began Paul's work, William Godwin, his See also:

Friends and Contemporaries, was devoted to her, and an edition of the Letters to Imlay (1879), of which the first edition was published by Godwin, is prefaced by a somewhat See also:

fuller memoir. See also E.

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