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ARAN

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Originally appearing in Volume V02, Page 319 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ARAN ISLANDS- events. See also:

Arany sent in his See also:work, and shortly afterwards was awarded the 25-gulden See also:prize (7th of See also:February 1846) by the society, which then advertised another prize for the best Magyar epic poem. Arany won this also with his Toldi (the first See also:part of the See also:present trilogy), and immediately found himself famous. All eyes were instantly turned towards the poor See also:country See also:notary, and See also:Petofi was the first to greet him as a See also:brother. In February of the following See also:year Arany was elected a member of the See also:Kisfaludy Society. In the memorable year 1848 the See also:people of Szalonta elected him their See also:deputy to the Hungarian See also:parliament. But neither now nor subsequently (1861, 1869) would he accept a See also:parliamentary See also:mandate. He wrote many articles, however, in the See also:gazette Nepbardtja, an See also:organ of the Magyar See also:government, and served in the See also:field as a See also:national guard for eight or ten See also:weeks. In 1849 he was in the See also:civil service of the revolutionary government, and after the final See also:catastrophe returned to his native See also:place, living as best he could on his small savings till 185o, when Lajos See also:Tisza, the See also:father of Kalman Tisza, the future See also:prime See also:minister, invited him to his See also:castle at Geszt to See also:teach his son Domokos the See also:art of See also:poetry. In the following year Arany was elected See also:professor of Hungarian literature and See also:language at the Nagy-Koros gymnasium. He also attempted to write another epic poem, but the See also:time was not favourable for such an under-taking. The miserable See also:condition of his country, and his own very See also:precarious situation, weighed heavily upon his sensitive soul, and he suffered severely both in mind and See also:body.

On the other See also:

hand reflection on past events made clear to him not only the sufferings but the defects and follies of the national heroes, and from henceforth, for the first time, we See also:notice a bitterly humorous vein in his writings. Thus Boland Istbk, the first See also:canto of which he completed in 185o, is full of sub-acrid merriment. During his nine years' See also:residence at Nagy-Koros, Arany first seriously turned his See also:attention to the Magyar ballad, and not only composed some of the most beautiful See also:ballads in the language, but wrote two priceless See also:dissertations on the technique of the ballad in See also:general: " Something concerning assonance " (1854), and " On Hungarian National Versification " (1856). When the Hungarian See also:Academy opened its doors again after a ten years' cessation, Arany was elected a member (15th of See also:December 1858). On the 15th of See also:July 186o he was elected director of the revived Kisfaludy Society, and went to Pest. In See also:November, the same year, he started Szepirodalmi Figyelo, a monthly See also:review better known by its later name, Koszeru, which did much for Magyar See also:criticism and literature. He also edited the See also:principal publications of the society, including its notable See also:translation of See also:Shakespeare's Dramatic See also:Works, to which he contributed the Midsummer See also:Night's See also:Dream (1864), See also:Hamlet and See also:King See also:John (1867). The same year he won the See also:Nadasdy prize of the Academy with his poem "See also:Death of Buda." From 1865 to 1879 he was the secretary of the Hungarian Academy. Domestic affliction, See also:ill-See also:health and his See also:official duties made these years comparatively unproductive, but he issued an edition of his collected poems in 1867, and in 188o won the Karacsonyi prize with his translation of the Comedies of See also:Aristophanes (188o). In 1879 he completed his epic trilogy by See also:publishing The Love of Toldi and Toldi's Evening, which were received with universal See also:enthusiasm. He died suddenly on the 24th of See also:October 1882. The first edition of his collected works, in 8 volumes, was published in 1884-1885.

Arany reformed Hungarian literature. Hitherto classical and romantic successively, like other See also:

European literatures, he first gave it a national direction. He compelled the poetry of art to draw nearer to See also:life and nature, extended its boundaries and made it more generally intelligible and popular. He wrote not for one class or school but for the whole nation. He introduced the popular See also:element into literature, but at the same time elevated and ennobled it. What Petofi had done for lyrical he did for epic poetry. Yet there were See also:great See also:differences between them. Petofi was more subjective, more individual; Arany was more See also:objective and national. As a lyric poet Petofi naturally gave expression to present moods and feelings; as an epic poet Arany plunged into the past. He took his standpoint on tradition.3.19 His art was essentially rooted in the See also:character of the whole nation and its glorious See also:history. His See also:genius was unusually See also:rich and versatile; his See also:artistic See also:conscience always alert and sober. His See also:taste was extraordinarily See also:developed and absolutely sure.

To say nothing of his other great qualities, he is certainly the most artistic of all the Magyar poets. See See also:

Posthumous Writings and See also:Correspondence of Arany, edited by Laszlo Arany (Hung.), (See also:Budapest, 1887–1889) ; See also:article " Arany," in A See also:Pallas Nagy Lexikona, Kot 2 (Budapest, 1893) ; Mbr Gaal, Life of Jdnos Arany (Hung.), (Budapest, 1898) ; L. Gyongyosy, Janos Arany's Life and Works (Hung.), (Budapest, 1901). See also:Translations from Arany: The See also:Legend of the Wondrous See also:Hunt (canto 6 of Buda's Death), by D. See also:Butler (See also:London, 1881); Toldi, poeme en 12 chants (See also:Paris, 1895) ; Dichtungen (See also:Leipzig, 188o) ; See also:Konig Buda's See also:Tod (Leipzig, 1879); Balladen (See also:Vienna, 1886). (R. N.

End of Article: ARAN

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