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Switzerland; but tiring of a military life and disgusted at the slowness of his promotion, he quitted the army in September 1799, and married his old love Roza Szegedy at the beginning of 1800. The first five happy years of their life were passed at Kam in Vas See also:

COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county, but in 1805 they removed to Sumeg where Kisfaludy gave himself up entirely to literature. At the beginning of the 19th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century he had published a See also:

VOLUME

volume of erotica which made him famous, and his reputation was still further increased by his Reggie or Tales. During the troublous times of 1809, when the gentry of Zala county founded a See also:

CONFEDERATION (Fr. confederation, Lat. confoederatio, from foedus, a league, foederare, to form a league)

confederation, the See also:

PALATINE (from Lat. palatium, a palace,)

palatine appointed Kisfaludy one of his adjutants. Subsequently, by command, he wrote an See also:

account of the See also:

MOVEMENT

movement for presentation to See also:

King See also:

Francis, which was committed to the See also:

SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret archives, and Kisfaludy was forbidden to communicate its contents. In 1820 the Marczebanya See also:

INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

Institute crowned his Tales and the palatine presented him with a See also:

PRIZE, or PRIZE OF WAR (Fr. prise, from prendre, to take)

prize of 400 florins in the See also:

hall of the Pest county See also:

COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council.

In 1822 he started the See also:

Aurora with his younger brother Karoly (see above). When the See also:

academy was founded in 1830 Kisfaludy was the first county member elected to it. In 1835 he resigned because he was obliged to See also:

SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share the See also:

HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of winning the academy's See also:

GRAND

grand prize with See also:

VOROSMARTY, MIHALY (1800-1855)

Vorosmarty. After the See also:

DEATH

death of his first wife (1832) he married a second See also:

time, but by neither of his wives had he any See also:

child. The See also:

REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder of his days were spent in his See also:

TUSCULUM

Tusculum among the vineyards of Sumeg and Somla. He died on the 28th of See also:

OCTOBER

October 1844. See also:

Alexander Kisfaludy stands alone among the rising literary See also:

SCHOOLS

schools of his See also:

day. He was not even influenced by his friend the See also:

GREAT

great critic See also:

KAZINCZY, FERENCZ (1759-1831)

Kazinczy, who gave the See also:

TONE, THEOBALD WOLFE (1763-1798)

tone to the See also:

young classical writers of his day. Kisfaludy's See also:

art was self-taught, solitary and absolutely See also:

INDEPENDENT

independent. If he imitated any one it was Petrarch; indeed his famous Himfy szerelmei (" The Loves of Himfy "), as his collected sonnets are called, have won for him the See also:

TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of " The Hungarian Petrarch." But the See also:

PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

passion of Kisfaludy is far more sincere and real than ever Petrarch's was, and he completely Magyarized everything he borrowed. After See also:

FINISHING

finishing the sonnets Kisfaludy devoted himself to more See also:

OBJECTIVE, or OBJECT GLASS

objective See also:

writing, as in the incomparable Reggie, which reproduce the scenery and the See also:

HISTORY

history of the delightful counties which surround See also:

Lake See also:

BALATON (PLATTENSEE)

Balaton. He also contributed numerous tales and other pieces to Aurora.

Far less successful were his plays, of which Hunyddi Janos (1816), by far the longest See also:

DRAMA (literally "action," from Gr. Snail, act or do)

drama in the Hungarian See also:

LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language, need alone be mentioned. undying hatred. He entered the army as a See also:

CADET (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. capitettum, a diminutive of caput, head, through the Provencal form capdet)

cadet in 1804; saw active service in Italy, See also:

SERVIA

Servia and See also:

BAVARIA (Ger. Bayern)

Bavaria (1805-1809), especially distinguishing himself at the See also:

BATTLE

battle of See also:

LEOBEN

Leoben (May 25, 1809), and returned to his quarters at Pest with the See also:

RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of first See also:

LIEUTENANT

lieutenant. It was during the war that he composed his first poems, e.g. the tragedy Gyilkos (" The See also:

MURDER

Murder," 1808), and numerous See also:

MARTIAL (MARCUS VALERIUS MARTIALIS)

martial songs for the encouragement of his comrades. It was now, too, that he fell hopelessly in love with the beautiful Katalin Heppler, the daughter of a wealthy See also:

TOBACCO

tobacco See also:

MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant. Tiring of the monotony of a soldier's life, yet unwilling to See also:

SACRIFICE (from Lat. sacrificium; sacer, holy, and facere, to make)

sacrifice his See also:

LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty to follow See also:

commerce or enter the See also:

CIVIL

civil service, Kisfaludy, contrary to his father's wishes, now threw up his See also:

COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission and made his See also:

home at the See also:

house of a married See also:

SISTER

sister at Vorrock, where he could follow his inclinations. In 1812 he studied painting at the Vienna academy and supported himself precariously by his See also:

brush and See also:

PENCIL (Lat. penicillus, brush, literally little tail)

pencil, till the theatre at Vienna proved a still stronger attraction. In 1812 he wrote the tragedy Kldra Zack, and in 1815 went to Italy to study art more thoroughly. But he was back again within six months, and for the next three years flitted from See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place to place, living on the charity of his See also:

friends, lodging in hovels and dashing off scores of daubs which rarely found a See also:

MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market. The See also:

UNITED

united and repeated petitions of the whole Kisfaludy See also:

FAMILY

family failed to bring about a reconciliation between the See also:

elder Kisfaludy and his prodigal son. It was the success of his drama Ilka, written for the Fehervar dramatic society, that first made him famous and prosperous. The See also:

PLAY

play was greeted with enthusiasm both at Fehervar and Buda (1819).

Subsequent plays, The See also:

VOIVODE (also Vaivode, Vayvode, Wayvode, &c., Med. Gr. oe 68os)

Voivode Stiber and The Petitioners (the first See also:

ORIGINAL

original Magyar dramas), were equally successful. Kisfaludy's fame began to spread. He had found his true vocation as the creator of the Hungarian drama. In May 182o he wrote three new plays for the dramatic society (he could always turn out a five-See also:

ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act drama in four days) which still further increased his reputation. From 1820 onwards, under the influence of the great critic Kazinczy, he learnt to See also:

POLISH

polish and refine his See also:

style, while his friend and adviser Gyorgy Gaal (who translated some of his dramas for the Vienna See also:

STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage) introduced him to the See also:

WORKS

works of See also:

SHAKESPEARE, WILLIAM (1564-1616)

Shakespeare and See also:

GOETHE, JOHANN WOLFGANG VON (1749-1832)

Goethe. By this time Kisfaludy had evolved a literary theory of his own which inclined towards romanticism; and in collaboration with his elder brother Alexander (see below) he founded the periodical Aurora(1822),which he edited to the day of his death. The Aurora was a notable phenomenon in Magyar literature. It attracted towards it many of the rising young authors of the day (including Vorosmarty, See also:

BAJZA, JOSEPH (1804-1858)

Bajza and Czuczor) and speedily became the See also:

ORACLE (Lat. oraculum, from ora' to pray; the corresponding Greek word is uavreiov or Xpnuri7pwov)

oracle of the romanticists. Kisfaludy's material position had now greatly improved, but he could not shake off his old recklessness and generosity, and he was never able to pay a tithe of his debts. The publication of Aurora so engrossed his time that practically he abandoned the stage. But he contributed to Aurora See also:

BALLADS

ballads, epigrams, See also:

SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short epic pieces, and, best of all, his comic stories. Kisfaludy was in fact the founder of the school of Magyar humorists and his comic types amuse and delight to this day.

When the folk-See also:

TALE (O.Eng. talu, number, account, story; the word is common to many Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Zahl, number, Erzahlung, narrative, Du. taal, speech, language)

tale became popular in See also:

EUROPE

Europe, Kisfaludy set to See also:

WORK

work upon folk-tales also and produced (1828) some of the masterpieces of that genre. He died on the 21st of See also:

NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1830. Six years later the great literary society of See also:

Hungary, the Kisfaludy Tdrsasdg, was founded to commemorate his See also:

GENIUS (from Lat. genere, gignere)

genius. Apart from his own works it is the supreme merit of Kisfaludy to have revived and nationalized the Magyar literature, giving it a range and See also:

SCOPE (through Ital. scopo, aim, purpose, intent, from Gr. o'KOaos, mark to shoot at, aim, o ic07reiv, to see, whence the termination in telescope, microscope, &c.)

scope undreamed of before his time. The first edition of Kisfaludy's works, in to volumes, appeared at Buda in 1831, shortly after his death, but the 7th edition (See also:

BUDAPEST

Budapest 1893) is the best and fullest. See Ferule Toldy, Lives of the Magyar Poets (Hung.) (Budapest, 1870); Zsolt See also:

BEOTHY, ODON (1796-18J4)

Beothy, The Father of Hungarian See also:

COMEDY

Comedy (Budapest, 1882) ; Tamas Szana, The Two Kisfaludys (Hung.) (Budapest, 1876). Kisfaludy's struggles and adventures are also most vividly described in See also:

JOKAI, MAURUS (1825-1904)

Jokai's novel, Eppur si muove (Hung.).

End of Article: KISFALUDY, KAROLY

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