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KLEIST, BERND HEINRICH WILHELM VON (1...

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 846 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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KLEIST, BERND HEINRICH WILHELM VON (1777-1811) , See also:German poet, dramatist and novelist, was See also:born at See also:Frankfort-on-See also:Oder on the 18th of See also:October 1777. After a scanty See also:education, he entered the Prussian See also:army in 1792, served in the See also:Rhine See also:campaign of 1796 and retired from the service in 1799 with the See also:rank of See also:lieutenant. He next studied See also:law and See also:philosophy at the university of Frankfort-on-Oder, and in 180o received a subordinate See also:post in the See also:ministry of See also:finance at See also:Berlin. In the following See also:year his roving, restless spirit got the better of him, and procuring a lengthened leave of See also:absence he visited See also:Paris and then settled in See also:Switzerland. Here he found congenial See also:friends in Heinrich See also:Zschokke (q.v.) and See also:Ludwig See also:Friedrich See also:August See also:Wieland (1777–1819), son of the poet; and to them he read his first See also:drama, a gloomy tragedy, See also:Die Familie Schrofenstein (1803), originally entitled Die Familie Ghonorez. In the autumn of 1802 Kleist returned to See also:Germany; he visited See also:Goethe, See also:Schiller and Wieland in See also:Weimar, stayed for a while in See also:Leipzig and See also:Dresden, again proceeded to Paris, and returning in 1804 to his post in Berlin was transferred to the Domdnenkammer (See also:department for the See also:administration of See also:crown lands) at See also:Konigsberg. On a See also:journey to Dresden in 1807 Kleist was arrested by the See also:French as a See also:spy, and being sent to See also:France was kept for six months a See also:close prisoner at Chalonssur-See also:Marne. On regaining his See also:liberty he proceeded to Dresden, where in See also:conjunction with See also:Adam Heinrich See also:Miller (1779–1829) he published in 1808 the See also:journal PhSbus. In 1809 he went to See also:Prague, and ultimately settled in Berlin, where he edited (1810–1811) the Berliner Abendbldtter. Captivated by the intellectual and musical accomplishments of a certain Frau Henriette See also:Vogel, Kleist,who was himself more disheartened and embittered than ever, agreed to do her bidding and die with her, carrying out this See also:resolution by first See also:shooting the See also:lady and then himself on the See also:shore of the Wannsee near See also:Potsdam, on the 21st of See also:November 1811. Kleist's whole See also:life was filled by a restless striving after ideal and illusory happiness, and this is largely reflected in his See also:work. He was by far the most important See also:North German dramatist of the Romantic See also:movement, and no other of the Romanticists approaches him in the See also:energy with which he expresses patriotic indignation.

15 His first tragedy, Die Familie Schroffenstein, has been already referred to; the material for the second, Penthesilea (1808), See also:

queen of the See also:Amazons, is taken from a See also:Greek source and presents a picture of See also:wild See also:passion. More successful than either of these was his romantic See also:play, Das Kathchen von See also:Heilbronn,oder Die Feuer probe (18o8), apoetic drama full of See also:medieval bustle and See also:mystery, which has retained its popularity, In See also:comedy, Kleist made a name with Der zerbrochene See also:Krug (1811), while See also:Amphitryon (1808), an See also:adaptation of See also:Moliere's comedy, is of less importance. Of Kleist's other dramas, Die Hermannschlacht (1809) is a dramatic treatment of an See also:historical subject and is full of references to the See also:political conditions of his own times. In it he gives vent to his hatred of his See also:country's oppressors. This, together with the drama Prinz Friedrich von Homburg, the latter accounted Kleist's best work, was first published by Ludwig See also:Tieck in Kleists hinterlassene Schriften (1821). See also:Robert Guiskard, a drama conceived on a See also:grand See also:plan, was See also:left a fragment. Kleist was also a See also:master in the See also:art of narrative, and of his Gesammelte Erzdhlungen (1810–1811), See also:Michael Kohlhaas, in which the famous See also:Brandenburg See also:horse dealer in See also:Luther's See also:day (see See also:KOHLHASE) is immortalized, is one of the best German stories of its See also:time. He also wrote some patriotic lyrics. 4-Iis Gesammelte Schriften were published by Ludwig Tieck (3 vols. 1826) and by See also:Julian See also:Schmidt (new ed. 1874); also by F. Muncker (4 vols.

1882); by T. Zolling (4 vols. 1885) ; by K. See also:

Siegen, (4 vols. 1895) ; and in a See also:critical edition by E. Schmidt (5 vols. 1904-1905). His Ausgewahlte Dramen were published by K. Siegen (Leipzig, 1877) ; and his letters were first published by E. von Billow, Heinrich von Kleists Leben and Briefe (1848). See further A. See also:Wilbrandt, Heinrich von Kleist (1863); O. Brahm, Heinrich von Kleist (1884); R.

Bonafous, See also:

Henri de Kleist, sa See also:vie et ses oeuvres (1894); H. See also:Conrad, Heinrich von Kleist als Mensch and Dichter (1896); G. Minde-Pouet, Heinrich von Kleist, See also:seine Sprache and sein Stil (1897); R. Steig, Heinrich von Kleists Berliner Kampfe (1901); F. Servaes, Heinrich von Kleist (1902); S. Wukadinowic, Kleist-Studien (1904); S. Rahmer, H. von Kleist als Mensch and Dichter (1909).

End of Article: KLEIST, BERND HEINRICH WILHELM VON (1777-1811)

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