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ZSCHOKKE, JOHANN HEINRICH DANIEL (177...

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Originally appearing in Volume V28, Page 1046 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ZSCHOKKE, JOHANN HEINRICH See also:DANIEL (1771-1848) , See also:German author, was See also:born at See also:Magdeburg on the 22nd of See also:March 1771. He was educated at the monasterial (kloster) school and at the Aitstadter gymnasium of his native See also:place. He spent some See also:time as playwright with a See also:company of strolling actors, but afterwards studied See also:philosophy, See also:theology and See also:history at the university of See also:Frankfort-on-the-See also:Oder, where in 1792 he established himself as Privatdozent. He created much sensation by an extravagant novel, Abdllino, der See also:grosse Bandit (1793; subsequently also dramatized), modelled on See also:Schiller's Rduber, and the melodramatic tragedy, See also:Julius von Sassen (1796). The Prussian See also:government having declined to make him a full See also:professor, Zschokke in 1796 settled in See also:Switzerland, where he conducted an educational institution in the See also:castle of See also:Reichenau. The authorities of the See also:Grisons admitted him to the rights of acitizen, and in 1798 he published his Geschichte See also:des Freistaets der drei Biinde See also:im hohen Rdtien. The See also:political disturbances of this See also:year compelled him to See also:close his institution. He was, however, sent as a See also:deputy to Aarau, where he was made See also:president of the educational See also:department, and afterwards as government See also:commissioner to See also:Unterwalden, his authority being ultimately extended over the cantons of See also:Uri, See also:Schwyz and See also:Zug. Zschokke distinguished himself by the vigour of his See also:administration and by the See also:enthusiasm with which he devoted himself to the interests of the poorer classes of the community. In 1800 he reorganized the institutions of the See also:Italian cantons and was appointed See also:lieutenant-See also:governor of the See also:canton of See also:Basel. Zschokke retired from public See also:life when the central government at See also:Bern proposed to re-establish the federal See also:system, but after the changes effected by See also:Bonaparte he entered the service of the canton of See also:Aargau, with which he remained connected. In 1801 he attracted See also:attention by his Geschichte vom Kampfe and Untergange der schweizerischen See also:Berg- and Wald-Kantone.

Through his Schweizerbote, the publication of which began in 1804, he exercised a wholesome See also:

influence on public affairs; and the like may be said of his Miscellen fiir See also:die neueste Weltkunde, issued from 1807 to 1813. In 1811 he also started a monthly periodical, the Erheiterungen. He wrote various See also:historical See also:works, the most important of which is Des Schweizerlandes Geschichte fiir das Schweizervolk (1822, 8th ed. 1849). Zschokke's tales, on which his See also:literary reputation rests, are collected in several See also:series, Bilder aus der Schweiz (5 vols., 1824–25), Ausgewdhlte Novellen and Dichtungen (16 vols., 1838–39). The best known are: Addrich im Moos (1794); Der Freihof von Aarau (1794); Alarnontade (1802); Der See also:Creole (183o); Das Goldmacherdorf (1817); and Meister See also:Jordan (1845). In Stunden der Andacht (18o9–1816; 27 See also:editions in Zschokke's lifetime), which was widely read, he expounded in a rationalistic spirit the fundamental principles of See also:religion and morality. See also:Pine Selbstschau (1842) is a See also:kind of autobiography. Zschokke was not a See also:great See also:original writer, but he secured an eminent place in the literature of his time by his enthusiasm for See also:modern ideas in politics and religion, by the See also:sound, See also:practical See also:judgment displayed in his works, and by the See also:energy and lucidity of his See also:style. He died at bis See also:country See also:house of Blumenhalde on the See also:Aar on the 27th of See also:June 1848. An edition of Zschokke's selected works, in See also:forty volumes, was issued in 1824–28. In 1851–54 an edition in See also:thirty-five volumes was published.

A new edition of the Novellen was published by A. Vogtlin in twelve volumes (1904). There are See also:

biographies of Zschokke by E. Munch (1831); Emil Zschokke (3rd ed. 1876); R. Sauerlander (Aarau, 1884) ; and R. Wernly (Aarau, 1894). See also M. Schneiderreit, Zschokke, See also:seine Weltanschauung and Lebensweisheit (1904).

End of Article: ZSCHOKKE, JOHANN HEINRICH DANIEL (1771-1848)

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