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See also:TROUT (Salmo trutta) , a See also:fish closely related to the See also:salmon. Most See also:modern ichthyologists agree in regarding the various See also:North See also:European forms of trout, whether migratory or not, as varieties or races of a highly variable and plastic See also:species, to be distinguished from the salmon by a few more or less See also:constant characters, the most readily ascertainable of which resides in the smaller scales on the back of the caudal region of the See also:body, these being 14 to 16 (rarely r3) in an oblique See also:series between the posterior border of the adipose fin and the lateral See also:line, and in the greater length of the folded anal fin as compared to the See also:depth of the caudal peduncle. The gill-rakers are also usually fewer, 16 to 18 on the anterior branchial See also:arch. The See also:young may be distinguished from salmon-See also:parr by the greater length of the upper See also:jaw, the maxillary See also:bone extending beyond the See also:vertical of the centre of the See also:eye, and in specimens 6 in. See also:long often to below the posterior of the eye. The young are See also:- BROWN
- BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
- BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
- BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
- BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
- BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
- BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
- BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
- BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
- BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
- BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
- BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
- BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
- BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
- BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
- BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
- BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
- BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
- BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
- BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
- BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
- BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
- BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)
brown or See also:olive above, silvery or See also:golden below, with more or less numerous See also:black and red spots in addition to the parr marks, and, contrary to what is observed in the salmon, black spots are usually See also:present below the lateral line. Except for the See also:gradual disappearance of the parr marks, this coloration is retained in the See also:form known as the See also:brook trout or brown trout (S. fario), which is non-migratory, and varies much in See also:size according to the See also:waters it inhabits, in some See also:brooks not growing to more than 8 in., whilst in larger See also:rivers and lakes it may attain a See also:weight of 20 lb or more. The coloration of the young is more strongly departed from in the races known as See also:sea trout (S. trutta) and sewin (S. eriox or cambricus), anadromous forms resembling the salmon in habits, and assuming in the sea a silvery coat, with, however, as a See also:rule, more black spots on the sides below the lateral line.
The See also:principal See also:British races of trout are the following: the See also:northern sea trout (S. trutta, sensu siricto), silvery, losing the See also:teeth on the See also:shaft of the vomer in the adult, and migratory like the salmon; the See also:southern sea trout (S. eriox or cambricus), similar to the preceding, but with the See also:hind margin of the gill-See also:cover more or less produced, the See also:lower bone (suboperculum) projecting beyond the end of the upper (operculum); the brown trout (S. fario), non-migratory, usually retaining the teeth on the shaft of the vomer, brown or olive with black and red spots, rarely more silvery, with numerous black spots; the Lochleven trout (S. levenensis), distinguished from the preceding by a more silvery coloration, frequent. See also:absence of red spots and a See also:pink or red flesh; the See also:estuary trout (S. gillivensis and S. orcadensis), large brown trout living in See also:salt See also:water without assuming the silvery coloration; the Gillaroo trout (S. stomachicus), in which the membranes of the See also:stomach are conspicuously thicker than in the other trout, more so in adult examples than in young ones. But all these forms are See also:ill-defined and subject to such See also:variations when transported from one locality to another as to render their recognition a See also:matter of insuperable difficulty. The instability of the characters on which S. levenensis is based has been conclusively shown by the experiments conducted by See also:Sir See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James See also:Maitland at Howietoun. Large specimens of migratory trout are often designated as See also:bull-trout, but no See also:definition has ever been given by which this form could be established, even as a See also:race.
Other European varieties are the trout of the See also:Lake of See also:Geneva (S. lemanus), of the Lake of See also:Garda (S. carpio), of See also:Dalmatia (S. dentex), of See also:Hungary (S. microlepis), of the See also:Caspian Sea (S. caspius), &c. The size of trout varies much according to the waters in which they live, the anadromous forms nearly equalling the salmon in this respect, specimens of over 4 ft. and weighing up to 50 lb being on See also:record.
The See also:habitat of S. trutta extends over the whole of See also:Europe, the See also:Atlas of See also:Morocco and See also:Algeria, See also:Transcaucasia, See also:Asia See also:Minor and northern See also:Persia. By the agency of See also:man the species has been thoroughly established in See also:Tasmania and New See also:Zealand, where it thrives in an extraordinary manner, and attains a very large size.
Closely allied species are found in North See also:America, See also:west of the Rocky Mountains, the best known being the See also:rainbow trout (S. irideus or shasta), which has been introduced into many parts of Europe as well as the eastern states of North America, New Zealand and See also:South See also:Africa. It is more See also:hardy than the See also:English trout, and accommodates itself in almost stagnant waters, and has thus proved a success in many ponds which were regarded as See also:fit for coarse fish only; but in many places it has caused disappointment by going down to the sea, whence it is not known ever to return. It is a handsome trout, bluish or purplish above, silvery or golden below, more or less profusely spotted with black on the body and fins, and with an See also:orange or red lateral See also:band. Its range extends from See also:Alaska to North See also:Mexico. The rainbow trout merges into a larger form, S. gairdneri, which resembles the British sea trout.
A remarkable European trout is the See also:short-snouted trout, S. obtusirostris, a non-migratory species from Dalmatia, Herzegovina, Bosnia and See also:Montenegro. It has a small mouth with a feeble dentition, resembling that of the See also:grayling. A closely allied form, S. ohridanus, has recently been discovered in See also:Macedonia. (G. A.
End of Article: TROUT (Salmo trutta)
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