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SHIPLEY , an See also:urban See also:district in the Shipley See also:parliamentary See also:division of the See also:West See also:Riding of See also:Yorkshire, See also:England, on the See also:south See also:bank of the See also:Aire, 3 M. N. by W. of See also:Bradford, on branches of the See also:Great See also:Northern, Midland, and See also:North Eastern See also:railways. Pop. (1901) 25,573. The manufacture of worsted is the See also:principal See also:industry, and there are large See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone quarries in the See also:neighbour-See also:hood. The See also:parish includes Saltaire, so named after See also:Sir See also:Titus See also:Salt, who established large See also:alpaca manufactories, opened in 1853.
See also:SHIP-See also:MONEY, a tax, the See also:levy of which by See also:Charles I. of England without the consent of See also:parliament was one of the causes of the Great See also:Rebellion. The See also:Plantagenet See also:kings of England had exercised the right of requiring the maritime towns and counties to furnish See also:ships in See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of See also:war; and the liability was sometimes commuted for a money See also:payment. Notwithstanding that several statutes of See also:Edward I. and Edward III. had made it illegal for the See also:crown to exact any taxes without the consent of parliament, the See also:prerogative of levying ship-money in time of war had never fallen wholly into See also:abeyance, and in 1619 See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James I. aroused no popular opposition by levying £40,000 of ship-money on See also:London and £855o on other seaport towns. The See also:fleet of Charles I. during the first three years of his reign was, says S. R. See also:Gardiner, " largely composed of vessels demanded from the See also:port towns and maritime counties. The See also:idea of universal ship-money to be levied in every See also:county in England seemed to him to be merely a further See also:extension of the old principle." Accordingly, on the 11th of See also:February 1628, Charles issued writs requiring £173,000 to be returned to the See also:exchequer by the 1st of See also:March for the See also:provision of a fleet to secure the See also:country against See also:French invasion and for the See also:protection of See also:commerce, and every county in England was assessed for payment. This was the first occasion when the demand for ship-money aroused serious opposition. See also:Lord See also:Northampton, lord-See also:lieutenant of See also:Warwick-See also:shire, and the See also:earl of See also:Banbury in See also:Berkshire, refused to assist in See also:collecting the money; and Charles withdrew the writs.
It will be seen, then, that the statement of See also:Hallam—that in 1634 See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Noy, the See also:attorney-See also:general, unearthed in the See also:Tower of London musty records of ship-money as a tax disused and forgotten for centuries—has no real See also:foundation. It was, it is true, the See also:suggestion of Noy that a further resort should be had to this expedient for raising money when, in 1634, Charles made a See also:secret treaty with See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip IV. of See also:Spain to assist him against the Dutch; and Noy set himself to investigate such See also:ancient legal learning as was in existence in support of the demand. The See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king having obtained an See also:opinion in favour of the legality of the See also:writ from Lord Keeper See also:Coventry and the earl of See also:Manchester, the writ was issued in See also:October 1634 and directed to the justices of London and other See also:sea ports, requiring them to provide a certain number of ships of war of a prescribed See also:tonnage andequipment, or their See also:equivalent in money, and empowering them to assess the inhabitants for payment of the tax according to their substance. The distinctive feature of the writ of 1634 was that it was issued, contrary to all precedent, in time of See also:peace. Charles desired to conceal the true aim of his policy, which he knew would be detested by the country, and he accordingly alleged as a pretext for the See also:impost the danger to commerce from pirates, and the general See also:condition of unrest in See also:Europe. The citizens of London immediately claimed exemption under their See also:charter, while other towns demurred to the amount of their See also:assessment; but no resistance on constitutional grounds appears to have been offered to the validity of the writ, and a sum of £104,000 was collected. On the 4th of See also:August 1635 a second writ of ship-money was issued, directed on this occasion, as in the revoked writ of 1628, to the sheriffs and justices of inland as well as of maritime counties and towns, demanding the sum of £208,000, which was to be obtained by assessment on See also:personal as well as real See also:property, payment to be enforced by See also:distress. This demand excited growing popular discontent, which now began to see in it a determination on the See also:part of the king to dispense altogether with parliamentary See also:government. Charles, therefore, obtained a written opinion, signed by ten out of twelve See also:judges consulted, to the effect that in time of See also:national danger, of which the crown was the See also:sole See also:judge, ship-money might legally be levied on all parts of the country by writ under the great See also:seal. The issue of a third writ of ship-money on the 9th of October 1636 made it evident that the ancient restrictions, which limited the levying of the impost to the maritime parts of the See also:kingdom and to times of war or imminent national danger, had been finally swept away, and that the king intended to convert it into a permanent and general See also:form of See also:taxation without parliamentary See also:sanction. The judges again, at Charles's See also:request, gave an opinion favourable to the prerogative, which was read by Coventry in the See also:Star Chamber and by the judges on See also:assize. Payment was, however, refused by Lord Saye and by See also:John See also:Hampden (q.v.), a wealthy See also:Buckinghamshire landowner. The See also:case against the latter (Rex v. Hampden, 3 See also:State Trials, 825) was heard before all the judges in the Exchequer Chamber, Hampden being defended by See also:Oliver St John (q.v.) and See also:Robert Holborne, and lasted for six months. Seven of the twelve judges, headed by See also:Finch, See also:chief See also:justice of the See also:common pleas, gave See also:judgment for the crown, and five for Hampden; though two of the latter—namely, Bramston, chief justice of the king's See also:bench, and See also:Davenport, chief See also:baron of the exchequer—based their judgment on technical grounds which did not See also:touch the constitutional question at issue. The judgment of the See also:court practically abrogated the right of parliament to See also:control See also:supply; and the See also:necessity for curbing the royal prerogative in regard to taxation, thus rendered arbitrary by legal decision, became one of the chief motives in the popular resistance to Charles I., which after the Hampden trial See also:grew increasingly formidable. In 1639 Charles ventured again to issue a writ of ship-money, but for the comparatively small sum of £70,000. In 1641, by an See also:Act of the See also:Long Parliament (17 See also:Car. I. c. 2), introduced by See also:Selden, the illegality of ship-money was expressly declared, and the Hampden judgment annulled.
See John See also:Rushworth, See also:Historical Collections, vols. i., ii., iii. (7 vols., 1659—1701) ; See also:Strafford's Letters and Despatches, edited by W. Knowler (2 vols., London, 1739) ; S. R. Gardiner, See also:History of England from the See also:Accession of James I. to the Outbreak of the See also:Civil War, vols. in., vi., vii., viii. (to vols., London, 1883—1884); See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry Hallam, Constitutional History of England (3 vols., London, 1832, &c.) ; Oliver St John, Speech to the Lords, See also:Jan. 7, 1640, concerning Ship-money (London, 1640). (R. J.
End of Article: SHIPLEY
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