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BEAD

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Originally appearing in Volume V03, Page 571 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BEAD , a small globule or See also:

ball used in necklaces, and made of different materials, as See also:metal, See also:coral, See also:diamond, See also:amber, See also:ivory, See also:stone, pottery, See also:glass, See also:rock-crystal and seeds. The word is derived from the See also:Middle Eng. See also:bede, from the See also:common See also:Teutonic word for " to pray," cf. See also:German beten and See also:English bedesman, the meaning being transferred from " See also:prayer " to the spherical bodies strung on a See also:rosary and used in counting prayers. Beads have been made from remote antiquity, and are found in See also:early See also:Egyptian tombs; variegated glass beads, found in the ground in certain parts of See also:Africa, as Ashantiland, and highly prized by the natives as aggrybeads, are supposed to be of Egyptian or Phoenician origin. Beads of the more expensive materials are strung in necklaces and worn as articles of See also:personal adornment, while the cheaper kinds are employed for the decoration of See also:women's See also:dress. Glass beads have See also:long been used for purposes of See also:barter with See also:savage tribes, and are made in enormous See also:numbers and varieties, especially in See also:Venice, where the manufacture has existed from at least the 14th See also:century. Glass, either transparent, or of opaquecoloured See also:enamel (smalti), or having complex patterns produced by the twisting of threads of coloured glass through a transparent See also:body, is See also:drawn out into long tubes, from which the beads are pinched off, and finished by being rotated with See also:sand and ashes in heated cylinders. In See also:architecture, the See also:term " bead " is given to a small cylindrical moulding, in classic See also:work often cut into bead and See also:reel.

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