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See also:ROSARY (See also:Lat. rosarium) , a popular devotion of the See also:Roman See also:Catholic See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church, consisting of 15 Paternosters and Glorias and 15o Aves, recited on beads. It is divided into three parts, each containing five decades, a See also:decade comprising 1 See also:Pater, ro Aves and a Gloria, in addition to a subject for meditation selected from the " mysteries " of the See also:life of See also:Christ and of the Blessed Virgin. The See also:Christian practice of repeating prayers is traceable to See also:early times: See also:Sozomen mentions (H.E. v. 29) the See also:hermit See also:Paul of the 4th See also:century who threw away a pebble as he recited each of his 300 daily prayers; and a See also:canon of the See also:English See also:synod of Cealcythe in 816 (Mansi xiv. 36o) directed septem beltidum Paternoster to be said for a deceased See also:bishop. In many orders the See also:lay See also:brothers daily said a large number of Paternosters instead of See also:reading the See also:breviary; it was natural that the Paternoster should be the See also:prayer most often repeated. The See also:Ave Maria is first mentioned as a See also:form of prayer in the second See also:half of the rrth century, but it was not until the 16th century that it became See also:general in its See also:present form. It is not known precisely when the See also:mechanical See also:device of the rosary was first used. See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William of See also:Malmesbury (De Best. See also:Pont. Angl. iv. 4) says that See also:Godiva, who founded a religious See also:house at See also:Coventry in 1040, See also:left a See also:string of jewels, on which she had told her prayers, that it might be hung on the statue of the Blessed Virgin. See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas of Chantimpre, who wrote about the See also:middle of the 13th century, first mentions the word " rosary " (De apibus, ii. 13), using it apparently in a mystical sense as See also:Mary's See also:rose-See also:garden. There is no See also:con-temporary See also:confirmation of the See also:story that the rosary was given to St See also:Dominic through See also:revelation of the Blessed Virgin and was employed during the crusade against the Albigenses, although the story was later accepted by See also:Leo X., See also:Pius V., See also:- GREGORY
- GREGORY (Gregorius)
- GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
- GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
- GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
- GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
- GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)
Gregory XIII., See also:Sixtus V., See also:Alexander VII., See also:Innocent XI. and See also:Clement XI. According to See also:Benedict XIV. (De Pest. 16o), the belief rests on the tradition of the Dominican See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order. Whatever may have been the origin of the rosary, the See also:Dominicans did much to propagate the devotion. The practice of meditating on the mysteries doubtless began with a Dominican, Alanus de Rupe (See also:born 1428), and another Dominican, See also:Jacob See also:Sprenger (d. 1495), See also:grand-inquisitor in See also:Germany, founded the first con-fraternity of the rosary at See also:Cologne in 1475. This society spread rapidly, and was specially privileged by Sixtus IV., Innocent VIII. and Leo. X. After the See also:battle of See also:Lepanto (1st See also:Sunday in See also:October 1571), which was won while the members of the confraternity at See also:Rome were making supplication for Christian success, Pius V. ordered an See also:annual See also:commemoration of " St Mary of Victory," and Gregory XIII., by See also:bull of the 1st of See also:April 1583, set aside the 1st Sunday in October as the feast of the Rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary, to be observed in such churches as maintained an See also:altar in See also:honour of the rosary. Clement XI., by bull of the 3rd of October 1716, directed the observance of the feast by all Christendom. The devotion has been particularly fostered by the See also:Jesuits, St See also:Ignatius See also:Loyola having expressly ordered its use. It has been repeatedly indulgenced by various popes. Leo XIII. issued eight encyclicals on the devotion; he urged its recitation throughout October, and directed (1883) the insertion of the See also:title See also:regina sacratissimi rosarii in the See also:Litany. There are several varieties of the rosary more or less in use by Roman Catholics: the Passionists, or rosary of the five wounds, approved by Leo XII. in 1823; the See also:Crown of Our See also:Lord, attributed to See also:Michael of See also:Florence, a Camaldolese See also:- MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
- MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
- MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
- MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)
monk (c. 1516), and consisting of 33 Paters, 5 Aves and a Credo; St See also:Bridget's, 7 Paters and 63 Aves, in honour of the joys and sorrows of the Blessed Virgin and the 63 years of her life. The Living Rosary, in which 15 persons unite to say the rosary every See also:month, was approved by Gregory XVI. (1832) and placed in See also:charge of the Dominican order by Pius IX. (1877).
Similar expedients to assist the memory in repetitions of prayers occur among Buddhists and Mahommedans: in the former See also:case the prayers are said on a string of some See also:hundred beads, called the See also:tibet-pren-ba or the ten-wa; in the latter case,
the so-called tasbih has 33, 66 or 99 beads, and is used for the repetition of the 99 names which See also:express the attributes of See also:God.
See the See also:critical dissertation in the Acta sanctorum, Aug. i, 422 sqq ; Quetif and Echard, Script. Ord. Preed. i. 411 sqq.; Benedict XIV olim Prospero de Lambertini, De festis B.V.M. i. 170 sqq.; H. Holzapfel, O.F.M., St Dominikus u. der See also:Rosenkranz (See also:Munich, 1903) ; Pradel, Rosenkranz-Buchel (See also:Trier, 1885) ; D. Dahm, See also:Die Bruderschaft vom hl. Rosenkranz (Trier, 1902). For the indulgences attached to the devotion consult Beringer, S.J., Die Abldsse, rith ed. 292 ff ., 354 if. (See also:Paderborn, 1895). For the corresponding devotion among Buddhists, consult Waddell, The See also:Buddhism of Tibet, or See also:Lamaism (See also:London, 1895), and an See also:article by Monier See also:Williams in the See also:Athenaeum, 9th of Feb. 1878; for that of the Mahommedans, see L See also:Petit, See also:Les Confreres musulmanes (See also:Paris, 1899), and E. See also:Arnold, Pearls of the Faith, or See also:Islam's Rosary (London, 1882). There is an excellent article, " Rosenkranz," by Zockler in See also:Herzog-Hauck, Realencyklopddie, 3rd ed. vol. 17, pp. 144-50. (C. H.
End of Article: ROSARY (Lat. rosarium)
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