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HALDANE, JAMES ALEXANDER (1768–1851)

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Originally appearing in Volume V12, Page 831 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HALDANE, See also:JAMES See also:ALEXANDER (1768–1851) , Scottish divine, the younger son of See also:Captain James Haldane of Airthrey See also:House, See also:Stirlingshire, was See also:born at See also:Dundee on the 14th of See also:July 1768. Educated first at Dundee and afterwards at the high school and university of See also:Edinburgh, at the See also:age of seventeen he joined the " See also:Duke of See also:Montrose " See also:East Indiaman as a See also:midshipman. After four voyages to See also:India he was nominated to the command of the " See also:Melville See also:Castle " in the summer of 1793; but having during a See also:long and unexpected detention of his See also:ship begun a careful study of the See also:Bible, and also come under the evangelical See also:influence of See also:David See also:Bogue of See also:Gosport, one of the founders of the See also:London Missionary Society, he abruptly resolved to quit the See also:naval profession for a religious See also:life, and returned to See also:Scotland before his ship had sailed. About the See also:year 1796 he became acquainted with the celebrated evangelical divine, See also:Charles See also:Simeon of See also:Cambridge, in whose society he made several See also:tours through Scotland, endeavouring by See also:tract-See also:distribution and other means to awaken others to some of that See also:interest in religious subjects which he himself so strongly See also:felt. In May 1797 he preached his first See also:sermon, at Gilmerton near Edinburgh, with encouraging success. In the same year he established a non-sectarian organization for tract distribution and See also:lay See also:preaching called the " Society for the See also:Propagation of the See also:Gospel at See also:Home." During the next few years he made repeated missionary journeys, preaching wherever he could obtain hearers, and generally in the open See also:air. Not originally disloyal to the See also:Church of Scotland, he was gradually driven by the hostility of the See also:Assembly and the exigencies of his position into separation. In 1799 he was ordained as pastor of a large See also:Independent See also:congregation in Edinburgh. This was the first congregational church known by that name in Scotland. In 18or a permanent See also:building replaced the See also:circus in which the congregation had at first met. To this church he continued to See also:minister gratuitously for more than fifty years. In 18o8 he made public avowal of his See also:conversion to Baptist views.

As advancing years compelled him to withdraw from the more exhausting labours of itineracy and open-air preaching, he sought more and more to influence the discussion of current religious and theological questions by means of the See also:

press. He died on the 8th of See also:February 1851. His son, See also:DANIEL See also:RUTHERFORD HALDANE (1824-1887), by his second wife, a daughter of See also:Professor Daniel Rutherford, was a prominent Scottish physician, who became See also:president of the Edinburgh See also:College of Physicians. Among J. A. Haldane's numerous contributions to current theological discussions were: The See also:Duty of See also:Christian Forbearance in Regard to Points of Church See also:Order (i 8 i i) ; Strictures on a Publication upon See also:Primitive See also:Christianity by Mr See also:John See also:Walker (1819); Refutation of See also:Edward See also:Irving's Heretical Doctrines respecting the See also:Person and See also:Atonement of Jesus See also:Christ. His Observations on Universal See also:Pardon, &c., was a contribution to the controversy regarding the views of See also:Thomas See also:Erskine of Linlathen and See also:Campbell of See also:Row; See also:Man's Responsibility (1842) is a reply to See also:Howard See also:Hinton on the nature and extent of the Atonement. He also published: See also:Journal of a Tour in the See also:North; See also:Early Instruction Commended (i8oi); Views of the Social See also:Worship of the First Churches (1805); The See also:Doctrine and Duty of Self-Examination (18o6); The Doctrine of the Atonement (1845); Exposition of the See also:Epistle to the See also:Galatians (1848).

End of Article: HALDANE, JAMES ALEXANDER (1768–1851)

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