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See also:WILLIAMSON, See also:ALEXANDER See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
WILLIAM (1824–1904) , See also:English chemist, was See also:born at See also:Wandsworth, See also:London, on the 1st of May 1824. After working under See also:Leopold See also:Gmelin at See also:Heidelberg, and See also:Liebig at See also:Giessen, he spent three years in See also:Paris studying the higher See also:mathematics under See also:Comte. In 1849 he was appointed See also:professor of See also:practical See also:chemistry at University See also:College, London,and from 1855 until his retirement in 1887 he also held the professorship of chemistry. He had the See also:credit of being the first to explain the See also:process of etherification and to elucidate the formation of See also:ether by the interaction of sulphuric See also:acid and See also:alcohol. Ether and alcohol he regarded as substances analogous to and built up on the same type as See also:water, and he further introduced the water-type as a widely applicable basis for the See also:classification of chemical compounds. The method of stating the rational constitution of bodies by comparison with water he believed capable of wide See also:extension, and that one type, he thought, would suffice for all inorganic compounds, as well as for the best-known organic ones, the See also:formula of water being taken in certain cases as doubled or tripled. So far back as 185o he also suggested a view which, in a modified See also:form., is of fundamental importance in the See also:modern theory of ionic See also:dissociation, for, in a See also:paper on the theory of the formation of ether, he urged that in an aggregate of molecules of any See also:compound there is an See also:exchange constantly going on between the elements which are contained in it; for instance, in hydrochloric acid each See also:atom of See also:hydrogen does not remain quietly in juxtaposition with the atom of See also:chlorine with which it first See also:united, but changes places with other atoms of hydrogen. A somewhat similar See also:hypothesis was put forward by R. J. E. See also:Clausius about the same See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time. For his See also:work on etherification Williamson in 1862 received a Royal See also:medal from the Royal Society, of which he became a See also:fellow in 1855, and which he served as See also:foreign secretary from 1873 to 1889. He was twice See also:president of the London Chemical Society, in 1863-1865, and again in 1869–1871. His See also:death occurred on the 6th of May 1904, at Hindhead, See also:Surrey, See also:England.
End of Article: WILLIAMSON, ALEXANDER WILLIAM (1824–1904)
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