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GMELIN

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Originally appearing in Volume V12, Page 148 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GMELIN , the name of several distinguished See also:

German scientists, of a See also:Tubingen See also:family. Johann Georg Gmelin (1674—1728), an See also:apothecary in Tubingen, and an accomplished chemist for the times in which he lived, had three sons. The first, Johann See also:Conrad (17o2—1759), was an apothecary and surgeon in Tubingen. The second, Johann Georg (1709—1955), was appointed See also:professor of See also:chemistry and natural See also:history in St See also:Petersburg in 1731, and from 1733 to 1743 was engaged in travelling through See also:Siberia. The fruits of his See also:journey were See also:Flora Sibirica (4 vols., 1749—1750) and Reisen durch Sibirien (4 vols., 1753). He ended his days as professor of See also:medicine at Tubingen, a See also:post to which he was appointed in 1749. The third son, Philipp See also:Friedrich (1721—1768), was extraordinary professor of medicine at Tubingen in 1750, and in 1755 became See also:ordinary professor of See also:botany and chemistry. In the second See also:generation See also:Samuel Gottlieb (1743—1794), the son of Johann Conrad, was appointed professor of natural history at St Petersburg in 1766, and in the following See also:year started on a journey through See also:south See also:Russia and the regions See also:round the See also:Caspian See also:Sea. On his way back he was captured by Usmey See also:Khan, of the Kaitak tribe, and died from the See also:ill-treatment he suffered, on the 27th of See also:July 1774. One of his nephews, See also:Ferdinand Gottlob von Gmelin (1782—1848), became professor of medicine and natural history at Tubingen in 18o5, and another, See also:Christian Gottlob (1792—1860), who in 1828 was one of the first to devise a See also:process for the artificial manufacture of ultra-marine, was professor of chemistry and See also:pharmacy in the same university. In the youngest See also:branch of the family, Philipp Friedrich had a son, Johann Friedrich (1748—1804), who was appointed professor of medicine in Tubingen in 1772, and in 1775 accepted the See also:chair of medicine and chemistry at See also:Gottingen. In 1788 he published the 13th edition of See also:Linnaeus' Systema Naturae with many additions and alterations.

His son See also:

Leopold (1788—1853), was the best-known member of the family. He studied medicine and chemistry at Gottingen, Tubingen and See also:Vienna, and in 1813 began to lecture on chemistry at See also:Heidelberg, where in 1814 he was appointed extraordinary, and in 1817 ordinary, professor of chemistry and medicine. He was the discoverer of See also:potassium ferricyanide (1822), and wrote the Handbuch der Chemie (1st ed. 1817—1819, 4th ed. 1843—1$55), an important See also:work in its See also:day, which was translated into See also:English for the See also:Cavendish Society by H. See also:Watts (1815—1884) in 1848—18S9. He resigned his chair in 1852, and died on the 13th of See also:April in the following year at Heidelberg.

End of Article: GMELIN

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