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GMINNEAPOLIS , the largest See also:city of See also:Minnesota, U.S.A., and the See also:county-seat of Hennepin county, situated on both See also:banks of the See also:Mississippi See also:river at the Falls of St See also:Anthony and immediately above St See also:Paul. Pop. (1870), 13,066; (188o), 46,887; (189o), 164,738; (1900), 202,718; (1910 See also:census) 301,408. Of the See also:total See also:population in 1900, those of See also:foreign parentage (both parents foreign-See also:born) numbered 118,946, and there were 61,o21 of foreign See also:birth, including 20,035 Swedes, 11,532 Norwegians, 7335 Germans, 5637 See also:English-Canadians, 3213 Irish, 2289 English, 1929 Russians, 17o6 See also:French-Canadians and 1133 Austrians. Minneapolis is served by the See also:Chicago, See also:Burlington & See also:Quincy, the Chicago, See also:Great Western, the Chicago, See also:Milwaukee & St Paul, the Chicago & Northwestern, the Chicago, See also:Rock See also:Island & Pacific, the Great See also:Northern, the Minneapolis & St See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis, the Minneapolis, St Paul & Sault Sainte See also:Marie, and the Northern Pacific See also:railways. It has also three terminal switching lines and the See also:belt See also:line of the Minnesota See also:Transfer See also:Company, serving both Minneapolis and St Paul. With St Paul, which is served by the same See also:system of railways, Minneapolis is the See also:chief railway centre of the Northwest and one of the greatest in the See also:United States, being the See also:principal gateway to the See also:commerce of the See also:Canadian and Pacific See also:north-See also:west. There are a See also:Union passenger station, and See also:separate stations for the Chicago, Milwaukee & St Paul, the Chicago, ift Western and the Minneapolis & St Louis railways.
The city is situated on a high See also:plateau (800-85o ft. above See also:sea-level) above the river, and covers an See also:area of about 53 sq. m. It has an extensive system of boulevards, parkways and parks (aggregating 2465 acres in 1908). Among the parks are Loring, near the centre of the city, in which is a statue of Ole See also:Bull; Lyndale, in the See also:south-west See also:part of the city; Interlachen, just north-west of Lyndale; Glenwood, in the west of the city; See also:Van Cleve, See also:Logan, Windom and See also:Columbia in the part of the city See also:east of the Mississippi river; See also:Riverside, on the south-west See also:bank of the Mississippi; and Minnehaha See also:Park, in which are the Minnehaha Falls, a beautiful cascade of the Minnehaha See also:Creek (the out-let of See also:Lake Minnetonka), near the Mississippi, with a fall of 50 ft., well known from See also:Longfellow's poem " See also:Hiawatha." The numerous small lakes in the city (there are about Zoo lakes in Hennepin county) have been incorporated in the park system; among them are Lake Harriet (353 acres; in Lake Harriet Park), Lake See also:Calhoun (on which are extensive public See also:baths), Lake Amelia (295 acres), Lake of the Isles (too acres), See also:Cedar Lake, See also:Powder See also:Horn Lake (in the park of that name) and Sandy Lake (in Columbia Park). Adjoining Minnehaha Park are the grounds (51 acres, given to the See also:state by the city) and buildings of the Minnesota state soldiers' See also:home (1887); and 2 M. beyond the Falls, at the junction of the Minnesota and Mississippi See also:rivers, isthe Fort Snelling Military See also:Reservation (1819). Seven See also:miles south-west of the limits of the city is Lake Minnetonka, one of the most famous summer resorts in the Northwest, a beautiful See also:body of See also:water 15 M. See also:long, with a See also:shore line of 150 M. encircled by undulating wooded hills. Among the most fashionable streets are See also:Mount See also:Curve, See also:Clifton and Park avenues, all in the " West See also:Division "or south-western See also:quarter of the city. The streets in all parts of the city are of exceptional width and heavily shaded in the residential districts. There are handsome residential suburbs. The See also:court-See also:house and city-See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall, constructed of red Minnesota See also:granite and completed in 1902 at a cost of about $3,500,000, is one of the finest municipal buildings in See also:America. Other prominent buildings are the Masonic See also:Temple, the Chamber of Commerce, the See also:Lumber See also:Exchange, the Bank of Commerce, the Auditorium; the buildings of the See also:Metropolitan See also:Life (formerly the Guaranty), the See also:Security Bank, the North-western See also:National Bank, the First National Bank, the Andrus, the New See also:York Life, and the See also:Young Men's See also:Christian Association; Hotel Radisson and West Hotel. Minneapolis is the see of a See also:Protestant Episcopal bishopric. On the east See also:side of the river are the buildings of the university of Minnesota (q.v.). In Minneapolis are the Minneapolis See also:College of Physicians and Surgeons (1883), the medical school of Hamline University; See also:Augsburg See also:Seminary (See also:Norwegian Lutheran, 1869), the United See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church Seminary (1890), the Minnesota College (See also:Swedish, 1905), the Minneapolis Normal School for Kindergartners, the Froebellian See also:Kindergarten Normal School, See also:Graham Hall and See also:Stanley Hall, the Minneapolis School of See also:Music, See also:Oratory and Dramatic See also:Art, and the Northwestern Conservatory of Music. Between Minneapolis and St Paul are the See also:main buildings of Hamline University (Methodist Episcopal, co-educational, 1854). The public library (more than 18o,000 volumes in 1908) See also:grew out of a private library, the See also:Athenaeum (186o), was reorganized by See also:Herbert See also:Putnam (librarian from 1887 to 1891), and has several branches, the most notable of which is the Pillsbury Library (1904) on the east side; in its main See also:building (Hennepin See also:Avenue and loth See also:Street) are the offices of the Minnesota See also:Academy of Natural Sciences (1873), which, with the Society of See also:Fine Arts, assisted in erecting the building in 1884. Among the hospitals and charitable institutions are the Minneapolis city See also:hospital, the state hospital for crippled and deformed See also:children, and See also:Asbury Methodist, the Northwestern, the See also:Deaconess', the Swedish, the St See also:Mary's, the Maternity and the St See also:Barnabas hospitals, See also:Bethany Home, the See also:Catholic See also:orphan See also:asylum, the See also:Washburn orphans' home, the Pillsbury House (1906) where See also:settlement See also:work is carried on by the See also:Plymouth Congregational Church, and several See also:free dispensaries. The first newspaper in the city was the St Anthony See also:Express, which began publication in 1851; it is no longer in existence. In 1906 the city had, in addition to numerous weekly and monthly See also:periodicals (English, Norwegian-Danish, Swedish, See also:German, French), four dailies, the See also:Tribune (1867), the See also:Journal (1878), and the See also:News (1903), all in English, and the Tidende (Norwegian-Danish), established as a weekly in 1851.
The Mississippi river, which here has an See also:average width of about 1200 ft., is crossed by 17 See also:bridges (9 See also:highway and 8 railway bridges). The Federal See also:government undertook to deepen the channel by dredging and by making two dams and two locks between the Chicago, St Paul, Minneapolis & See also:Omaha railway See also:bridge in St Paul and the See also:Washington Avenue bridge in Minneapolis—a distance of 11.4 m.—from 2 or 3 ft. to 6 ft., and to make the river regularly navigable as far as the Washington Avenue bridge, Minneapolis; the project, first adopted in 1894 and modified in 1907, was 70% completed in See also:July 1908, and up to that See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time $1,061,397 had been spent on the work. The enormous water-See also:power of the Falls of St Anthony, yielding about 40,000 h.p., has been the principal See also:factor in making Minneapolis a great manufacturing centre. The rapid erosion of the soft See also:limestone See also:bed at one time threatened the destruction of the power, but this has been prevented by an enormous See also:apron and an artificial See also:concrete See also:floor (completed in 1879). Additional water-power (25,000 h.p.) is derived from See also:- TAYLOR
- TAYLOR, ANN (1782-1866)
- TAYLOR, BAYARD (1825–1878)
- TAYLOR, BROOK (1685–1731)
- TAYLOR, ISAAC (1787-1865)
- TAYLOR, ISAAC (1829-1901)
- TAYLOR, JEREMY (1613-1667)
- TAYLOR, JOHN (158o-1653)
- TAYLOR, JOHN (1704-1766)
- TAYLOR, JOSEPH (c. 1586-c. 1653)
- TAYLOR, MICHAEL ANGELO (1757–1834)
- TAYLOR, NATHANIEL WILLIAM (1786-1858)
- TAYLOR, PHILIP MEADOWS (1808–1876)
- TAYLOR, ROWLAND (d. 1555)
- TAYLOR, SIR HENRY (1800-1886)
- TAYLOR, THOMAS (1758-1835)
- TAYLOR, TOM (1817-1880)
- TAYLOR, WILLIAM (1765-1836)
- TAYLOR, ZACHARY (1784-1850)
Taylor's Falls on the St Croix
river. The proximity of the See also:rich wheatfields of the north-west, and the extensive See also:timber forests, have made Minneapolis the greatest lumber and See also:flour centre in the See also:world. The importance of the flour manufacturing See also:industry was originally due to the excellent water-power available, and See also:dates from the introduction of improved See also:roller-See also:- MILL
- MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
- MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
- MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
- MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)
mill methods in the See also:early 'seventies, although there were successful See also:mills in operation twenty years earlier. The enormous flour-mills of Minneapolis (22 in 1907) are perhaps the most interesting See also:sights of the city. Their aggregate daily capacity is over 8o,000 barrels, the largest of them having a capacity of 15,000 to 16,500 daily. In 1905 the value of the city's flour and grist mill products was $62,754,446, 51.6 % of the total value of the city's factory product, and 8.8 % of the value of the flour and grist mill products of the entire United States.
See also:Food preparations were valued in 1905 at $1,361,492. Minneapolis is also the greatest See also:primary See also:wheat See also:market in the world, its 40 or more See also:elevators (of which those of the Washburn-See also:Crosby Company, erected in 1907, are the largest) having a See also:net capacity of about 35,000,000 bushels, and handling more than 90,000,000 bushels in 1908. Its commerce in other grains is also extensive; in the amount of See also:barley received and shipped Minneapolis surpasses any other city in the United States, and in receipts and shipments of See also:rye is second only to Chicago. The Mississippi river above Minneapolis is made to serve, by means of a See also:series of extensive See also:log-booms, as the principal source of See also:supply to the great saw-mills, of which there are here some of the largest in the world, with a combined capacity of 3,500,000 ft. a See also:day, and with an average See also:annual cut of 575,000,000 ft. The total value of the lumber products in 1905 was $9,960,842 (lumber and timber, $5,816,726; planing-mill products, including See also:sash, doors and blinds, $4,144,116). Other important manufactures with the product-value of each in 1905 were See also:malt liquors ($1,185,525), foundry and See also:machine See also:shop products ($2,820,697), structural See also:iron-work ($1,991,771), See also:steam railway See also:car construction and repairing ($2,027,248), patent medicines ($1,715,889), See also:furniture ($1,238,324), See also:cooperage ($1,415,360), and See also:hosiery and knit goods ($957455)• The total value of the factory product was $94,407,774 in 1900, and $121,593,120 in 1905, an increase of 28.8 %; in 1905 the value of the factory product was 39'5 % of that of the entire state.
Minneapolis is governed under a See also:charter adopted in 1872 (when St Anthony and Minneapolis were consolidated) and frequently amended. It provides for the See also:election of a See also:mayor, treasurer and See also:comptroller for two-years terms; for elected boards of See also:control for library, parks and See also:education, and for a unicameral city See also:council, See also:half of which is chosen every two years for a See also:term of four years. The mayor, whose See also:veto may be nullified by an adverse See also:vote of two-thirds of the council, has very limited appointing See also:powers, the See also:head of the See also:police See also:department being the most important of his appointees. The city council elects the city clerk, city See also:attorney, city engineer, chief of the See also:fire department and most of the See also:minor See also:officers. Under a See also:provision of the charter adopted in 1887 saloons are not permitted outside the " See also:patrol limits of the business See also:district "; so that there are no saloons in the residential districts of the city. The See also:municipality owns the waterworks system, the water supply being obtained from the Mississippi river.
See also:History.—The first recorded visit of a See also:European to the site of Minneapolis was that of See also:Father Louis Hennepin, the French Jesuit missionary, who discovered and named the Falls of St Anthony in 1680; but it is almost certain that he was preceded by some of the adventurous coureurs See also:des See also:boil, few of whom See also:left records of their extensive wanderings, and Radisson and Groseilliers seem to have visited this region two decades before Hennepin. The See also:land on which the city lies, being divided by the Mississippi river, was for many years under different sovereignties, the east side becoming United States territory at the See also:close of the See also:War of See also:Independence, while the west side, after being under See also:Spanish and French See also:rule, did not become a part of the United States until the See also:purchase of See also:Louisiana in 1803. In 1766 the site was visited by the See also:American traveller, See also:Jonathan See also:Carver, 1and in 1805 by Lieut. Zebulon M. See also:Pike; the military reserve which Pike bought from the See also:Indians included a greater portion of the west side of the See also:present city. After the erection of Fort St Anthony (1819; later called Fort Snelling), a water-power saw-mill was erected (1822) to saw lumber for the fort on the east bank of the river at the Falls of St Anthony. Later flour was also ground in this mill, which thus became the forerunner of the greatest of the city's See also:industries. Gradually as the See also:Indian land titles became extinguished the east bank was settled. The first settlement on the west bank was made by See also:Colonel See also:John H. See also:Stevens in 1850, but the land was not opened to settlers until 1855. The See also:village of St Anthony, on the east side of the river, was incorporated in 1855; Minneapolis, on the west bank, was incorporated in 1856. St Anthony became a city in 1860, and Minneapolis, which then had only 2564 inhabitants, soon outstripped its See also:neighbour after the See also:Civil War, and received a city charter in 1867. In 1870 Minneapolis alone had 13,066 inhabitants (18,079 with St Anthony), and in 1872 the two cities were united under the name of Minneapolis. The Republican National See also:Convention met in Minneapolis in 1892 and renominated See also:President See also:Benjamin See also:Harrison.
End of Article: GMINNEAPOLIS
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