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ROLLER . For agricultural purposes the roller formerly consisted of a solid See also:cylinder of See also:timber or See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone attached to a See also:frame and shafts, but to facilitate turning two or more See also:iron cylinders revolving on an See also:axle are now generally used. The simplest See also:form has a smooth See also:surface. The See also:diameter of the See also:drum should be as See also:great as possible—3o in. being a See also:good See also:size—because the larger this is the more easily it is pulled (within certain limits), while rollers of small diameter are heavier of See also:draught and do their See also:work less efficiently. The See also:implement is used in See also:spring and summer as an aid in pulverizing and cleaning the See also:soil, by bruising clods and lumps of tangled roots and See also:earth which the See also:cultivator or other implement has brought to the surface; in smoothing the surface for the reception of small seeds or the better operation of the mower or reaper; in consolidating soil that is too loose in texture and pressing it down about the roots of See also:young See also:plants. In the See also:case of young plants the roots are See also:close to the surface, which must therefore be kept moist. This end is attained by the See also:compression by the roller of the See also:top-soil of which the capillarity, i.e. the See also:power of See also:drawing See also:water from the sub-soil is thereby increased. On the other See also:hand, when it is desired to conserve the soil-moisture, the roller may be followed by the See also:harrow, which, by pulverizing the surface-soil, breaks the capillarity. Of the See also:variations on the See also:common smooth roller, the clod-crusher and the See also:Cambridge roller are the most important. The clod-crusher combines See also:weight with breaking power. The best-known form was patented about 1841 by Crosskill, and consists of a number of disks with serrated edges threaded loosely on an axle See also:round which they revolve. The Cambridge roller carries on its axle a number of closely packed wheels, the rims of which narrow down to a See also:- WEDGE (O. Eng. wecg, a mass of metal, cognate with Dutch wig, wigge, Dan. vaegge, &c.; in Lith. the cognate form outside Teut. is found in wagis, a peg, spigot; there is no connexion with " weigh," " weight," which must be referred to the root wegh, to li
wedge shape. The tubular roller, instead of drums, has tubes arranged longitudinally, producing a corrugated surface which is reproduced in the See also:condition of the soil after it has been rolled.
ROLLER-See also:SKATING, a pastime which, by the use of small wheels instead of a blade on the skate, has provided some of the pleasures of skating on See also:ice without having ice as the surface (see SKATING). Wheeled skates were used on the roads of See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland as far back as the 18th See also:century, but it was the invention of the four-wheeled skate, working on See also:rubber springs, by J. L. Plimpton of New See also:York, in 1863, that made the amusement popular. Still greater advance was made by the See also:Raymond skate with See also:ball and See also:cone See also:bearings. The wheels or rollers were first of turned See also:boxwood, but the wearing of the edges was a See also:fault which has been surmounted by making them of a hard See also:composition or of See also:steel. The See also:floor of the rink on which the skating takes See also:place is either of See also:asphalt or of See also:wood. The latter is that always used in newly made rinks. The best floors are of See also:long narrow strips of See also:maple. Figure-skating on roller-skates is in some respects easier to learn than on ice-skates, the four points of contact given by the wheels rendering easier the holding of an edge; but some figures, such as loops, are more difficult.
End of Article: ROLLER
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