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CARDWELL, EDWARD CARDWELL, VISCOUNT (...

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Originally appearing in Volume V05, Page 327 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CARDWELL, See also:EDWARD CARDWELL, See also:VISCOUNT (1813-1886) , See also:English statesman, was the son of a See also:merchant of See also:Liverpool, where he was See also:born on the 24th of See also:July 1813. After a brilliant career at See also:Oxford, where he gained a See also:double first-class, he entered See also:parliament as member for See also:Clitheroe in 1842, and in 1845 was made secretary to the See also:treasury. He supported See also:Sir See also:Robert See also:Peel's See also:free-See also:trade policy, and went out of See also:office with him. In 1847 he was elected for Liverpool, but lost his seat in 1852 for having supported the See also:repeal of the See also:navigation See also:laws. He soon found another See also:constituency at Oxford, and upon the formation of See also:Lord See also:Aberdeen's See also:coalition See also:ministry became See also:president of the See also:Board of Trade, although debarred by the See also:jealousy of his Whig colleagues from a seat in the See also:cabinet. In 1854 he carried, almost without opposition, a most important and complicated See also:act consolidating all existing See also:shipping laws, but in 1855 resigned, with his Peelite colleagues, upon the See also:appointment of Mr See also:Roebuck's See also:Sevastopol inquiry See also:committee, declining the offer of the chancellorship of the See also:Exchequer pressed upon him by Lord See also:Palmerston. In 1858 he moved the famous See also:resolution condemnatory of Lord Ellen-See also:borough's despatch to Lord See also:Canning on the affairs of Oude, which for a See also:time seemed certain to overthrow the See also:Derby See also:government, but which ultimately dissolved into nothing. He obtained a seat in Lord Palmerston's cabinet of 18J9, and after filling the uncongenial posts of secretary for See also:Ireland and See also:chancellor of the duchy of See also:Lancaster (1861), became secretary for the colonies in 1864. Here he reformed the See also:system of colonial See also:defence, refusing to keep troops in the colonies during time of See also:peace unless their expense was defrayed by the colonists; he also laid the See also:foundation of federation in See also:Canada and, rightly or wrongly, censured Sir See also:George See also:Grey's conduct in New See also:Zealand. Resigning with his See also:friends in 1866, he again took office in 1868 as secretary for See also:war. In this See also:post he performed the most memorable actions of his See also:life by the abolition of See also:purchase and the institution of the See also:short service system and the reserve in the See also:army, See also:measures which excited more opposition than any of the numerous reforms effected by the See also:Gladstone government of that See also:period, but which were entirely justified by their successful working afterwards. On the resignation of the Gladstone ministry in 1874 he was raised to the See also:peerage as Viscount Cardwell of Ellerbeck, but took no further prominent See also:part in politics.

His See also:

mental faculties, indeed, were considerably impaired during the last few years of his life, and he died at See also:Torquay on the 15th of See also:February 1886. He was not a showy, hardly even a prominent politician, but effected far more than many more conspicuous men. The See also:great See also:administrator and the bold innovator were See also:united in hint in an exceptional degree, and he allowed neither See also:character to preponderate unduly.

End of Article: CARDWELL, EDWARD CARDWELL, VISCOUNT (1813-1886)

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