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HARRINGTON .
" See also:- WARD
- WARD, ADOLPHUS WILLIAM (1837- )
- WARD, ARTEMUS
- WARD, EDWARD MATTHEW (1816-1879)
- WARD, ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS (1844-1911)
- WARD, JAMES (1769--1859)
- WARD, JAMES (1843– )
- WARD, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (1830-1910)
- WARD, LESTER FRANK (1841– )
- WARD, MARY AUGUSTA [MRS HUMPHRY WARD]
- WARD, WILLIAM (1766-1826)
- WARD, WILLIAM GEORGE (1812-1882)
Ward has no See also:heart they say, but I deny it; He has a heart, and gets his speeches by it." See also:ROGERS.
From its very brevity there is no small danger of the See also:epigram passing into childish triviality: the paltriest See also:pun, a senseless See also:anagram, is considered stuff enough and to spare. For See also:- PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)
proof of this there is unfortunately no need to look far; but perhaps the reader could not find a better collection ready to his See also:hand than the second twenty-five of the Epigrammatum centuriae of See also:Samuel Erichius; by the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time he reaches No. 11 of the 47th See also:century, he will be quite ready to See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant the appropriateness of
the identity maintained between the See also:German Seele, or soul, and the German Esel, or See also:ass.
Of the epigram as cultivated by the Greeks an See also:account is given in the See also:article See also:ANTHOLOGY, discussing those wonderful collections which bid See also:fair to remain the richest of their See also:kind. The delicacy and simplicity of so much of*vhat has been preserved is perhaps their most striking feature; and one cannot but be surprised at the number of poets proved capable of such See also:work. In Latin literature, on the other hand, the epigrammatists whose work has been preserved are comparatively few, and though several of them, as See also:Catullus and See also:Martial, are men of high See also:literary See also:genius, too much of what they have See also:left behind is vitiated by brutality and See also:obscenity. On the subsequent See also:history of the epigram, indeed, Martial has exercised an See also:influence as baneful as it is extensive, and he may fairly be counted the far-off progenitor of a See also:host of scurrilous verses. Nearly all the learned Latinists of the 16th and 17th centuries may claim admittance into the See also:list of epigrammatists,—See also:Bembo and See also:Scaliger, See also:Buchanan and More, Stroza and See also:Sannazaro. See also:Melanchthon, who succeeded in combining so much of See also:Pagan culture with his See also:Reformation See also:Christianity, has left us some graceful specimens, but his editor, Joannes See also:Major Joachimus, has so little See also:idea of what an epigram is, that he includes in his collection some See also:translations from the See also:Psalms. The Latin epigrams of See also:Etienne See also:Pasquier were among the most admirable which the See also:Renaissance produced in See also:France. See also:John See also:Owen, or, as he Latinized his name, Johannes Audoenus, a Cambro-Briton, attained quite an unusual celebrity in this See also:department, and is regularly distinguished as Owen the Epigrammatist. The tradition of the Latin epigram has been kept alive in See also:England by such men as See also:Porson, See also:Vincent See also:Bourne and See also:Walter See also:Savage See also:Landor. Happily there is now little danger of any too See also:personal epigrammatist suffering the See also:fate of Niccolo Franco, who paid the forfeit of his See also:life for having launched his venomous Latin against See also:Pius V., though he may still incur the milder See also:penalty of having his name inserted in the See also:Index Ex-
purgatorius, and find, like John Owen, that he consequently has lost an See also:inheritance.
In See also:English literature proper there is no writer like Martial in Latin or See also:Logau in German, whose fame is entirely due to his epigrams; but several even of those whose names can perish never have not disdained this diminutive See also:form. The designation epigram, however, is used by earlier English writers with excessive laxity, and given or withheld without apparent See also:reason.
The epigrams of See also:Robert See also:Crowley (1550) and of See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry See also:Parrot (1613) are worthless so far as form goes. John See also:Weever's collection. (1599) is of See also:interest mainly because of its allusion to See also:Shakespeare. See also:Ben See also:Jonson furnishes a number of See also:noble examples in his Under-See also:woods; and one or two of See also:Spenser's little poems and a See also:great many of See also:Herrick's are properly classed as epigrams. See also:Cowley, See also:Waller, See also:Dryden, See also:Prior, See also:Parnell, See also:Swift, See also:Addison, See also:- JOHNSON, ANDREW
- JOHNSON, ANDREW (1808–1875)
- JOHNSON, BENJAMIN (c. 1665-1742)
- JOHNSON, EASTMAN (1824–1906)
- JOHNSON, REVERDY (1796–1876)
- JOHNSON, RICHARD (1573–1659 ?)
- JOHNSON, RICHARD MENTOR (1781–1850)
- JOHNSON, SAMUEL (1709-1784)
- JOHNSON, SIR THOMAS (1664-1729)
- JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM (1715–1774)
- JOHNSON, THOMAS
Johnson, See also:Gold-See also:- SMITH
- SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
- SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
- SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
- SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
- SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
- SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
- SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
- SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
- SMITH, G
- SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
- SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
- SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
- SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
- SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
- SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
- SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
- SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
- SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
- SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
- SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
- SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
- SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
- SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
- SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
- SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
- SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
- SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
- SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
- SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
- SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
smith and See also:Young have all been at times successful in their epigrammatical attempts; but perhaps none of them has proved himself so much " to the manner See also:born " as See also:Pope, whose name indeed is almost identified with the epigrammatical spirit in English literature. Few English See also:modern poets have followed in .his footsteps, and though nearly all might plead guilty to an epigram or two, there is no one who has a distinct reputation as an epigrammatist. Such a reputation might certainly have been Landor's, had he not chosen to write the best of his See also:minor poems in Latin, and thus made his readers nearly as select as his See also:language.
The See also:French are undoubtedly the most successful cultivators of the " See also:salt " and the, " See also:vinegar " epigram; and from the 16th century downwards many of their See also:principal authors have earned no small celebrity in this department. The epigram was introduced into French literature by Mellin de St Gelais and See also:Clement See also:Marot. It is enough to mention the names of Boileau, J. B. See also:Rousseau, See also:Lebrun, See also:Voltaire, See also:Marmontel, See also:Piron, See also:Rulhiere, and M. J. See also:Chenier. In spite of See also:Rapin's dictum that a See also:man ought to be content if he succeeded in See also:writing one really See also:good epigram, those of Lebrun alone number upwards of 600, and a very fair proportion of them would doubtless pass See also:muster even with Rapin himself. If Piron was never anything better, " pas meme academicien," he appears at any See also:rate in See also:Grimm's phrase to have been "une See also:machine a saillies, a epigrammes, et a bons mots." Perhaps more than anywhere else the epigram has been recognized in France as a See also:regular weapon in literary and See also:political contests, and it might not be altogether a hopeless task to compile an epigrammatical history from the Revolution to the See also:present time.
While any fair collection of German epigrams will furnish examples that for keenness of wit would be quite in See also:place in a French anthology, the See also:Teutonic tendency to the moral and didactic has given rise to a class but sparingly represented in French. The very name of Sinngedichte bears See also:witness to this peculiarity, which is exemplified equally by the See also:rude priameln or proeameln, of the 13th and 14th centuries and the polished lines of See also:Goethe and See also:Schiller. Logau published his Deutsche Sinngetichte Drey Tausend in 1654, and Wernicke no fewer than six volumes of Ueberschriften See also:oder Epigrammata in 1697; Kastner's Sinngedichte appeared in 1782, and See also:Haug and Weissen's Epigrammatische Anthologie in 1804. See also:Kleist, Opitz, See also:Gleim, See also:Hagedorn, See also:Klopstock and A. W. See also:Schlegel all possess some reputation as epigrammatists; Lensing is facile princeps in the satirical See also:style ; and See also:Herder has the See also:honour of having enriched his language with much of what is best from See also:Oriental and classical See also:sources.
It is often by no means easy to trace the history of even a single epigram, and the investigator soon learns to be cautious of congratulating himself on the attainment of .a genuine See also:original. The same point, refurbished and fitted anew to its tiny See also:shaft, has been shot again and again by laughing cupids or fierce-eyed See also:furies in many a frolic and many a fray. During the See also:period when the epigram was the favourite form in See also:Germany, See also:Gervinus tells us how the See also:works, not only of the See also:Greek and See also:Roman writers, but of Neo-Latinists, Spaniards, Dutchmen, Frenchmen, Englishmen and Poles were ransacked and plundered; and the same See also:process of pillage has gone on in a more or less modified degree in other times and countries. Very noticeable often are the modifications of See also:tone and expression occasioned by See also:national and individual characteristics; the simplicity of the prototype may become See also:common-place in the See also:imitation, the See also:sublime be distorted into the See also:grotesque, the pathetic degenerate into the absurdly sentimental; or on the other hand, an unpromising motif may be happily See also:developed into unexpected beauty. A good See also:illustration of the variety with which the same epigram may be translatedand travestied is afforded by a little See also:volume published in See also:Edinburgh in 1808, under. the See also:title of Lucubrations on the Epigram
El p2v iv paBEiv a SEL ,raBELV,
KQl ,ati ,raOEly, KaXbv iv r0 paOeZ,'
El & SEL ira0eiv a S' iv paBEiv,
rl SEL paBEiv; Xpi yap iraBEiv.
The two collections of epigrams most accessible to the English reader are See also:Booth's Epigrams, See also:Ancient and Modern (1863) and See also:Dodd's The Epigrammatists (187o). In the appendix to the latter is a See also:pretty full bibliography, to which the following list may serve as a supplement :—See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas Corraeus, De toto eo poematis genere quod epigramma dicitur (See also:Venice, 1569; See also:Bologna, 159o) ; Cottunius, De conficiendo epigrammate (Bologna, 1632); Vincentius See also:Gallus, Opusculum de epigrammate (See also:Milan, 1641); See also:Vavassor, De epigrammate See also:Tiber (See also:Paris, 1669) ; Gedanke von deutschen Epigrammatibus (See also:Leipzig, 1698) ; Doctissimorum rostra aetate Italorum epigrammata; Flaminii Moleae Naugerii, Cottae, Lampridii, Sadoleti, et aliorum, cure Jo. Gagnaei (Paris, c. 155o) ; Brugiere de See also:Barante, Recueil See also:des plus belles epigrammes des pates See also:francais (2 vols., Paris, 1698) ; Chr. Aug. Heumann, Anthologia See also:Latina: hoc est, epigrammata partim a priscis partim junioribus a poetis (See also:Hanover, 1721); Fayolle, Acontologie ou dictionnaire d'epigrammes (Paris, 1817) ; Geijsbeck, Epigrammatische Anthologie, Sauvage, See also:Les Gapes gauloises: See also:petit encyclopedie des meilleurs epigrammes, &c., depuis Clement Marot jusqu'aux pates de nos jours (1859); La Recreation et passe-temps des tristes: recueil d'epigrammes et de petits contes en vets reimprime sur l'e'dition de See also:Rouen 1595, &c. (Paris, 1863). A large number of epigrams and much See also:miscellaneous See also:information in regard to their origin, application and See also:translation is scattered through Notes and Queries.
See also an article in The Quarterly See also:Review, No. 233.
End of Article: HARRINGTON
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