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DOZSA, GYORGY (d. 1514)
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See also:DOZSA, GYORGY (d. 1514) , Hungarian revolutionist, was a Szekler See also:squire and soldier of See also:fortune, who won such a reputation for valour in the See also:Turkish See also:wars that the Hungarian See also:chancellor, 'lamas Bakocz, on his return from See also:Rome in 1514 with a papal See also:bull See also:preaching a See also:holy See also:war in See also:Hungary against the Moslems, appointed him to organize and See also:direct the See also:movement. In a few See also:weeks he collected thousands of so-called Kuruczok (a corruption of Cruciati), consisting for the most See also:part of small yeomen, peasants, wandering students, friars and See also:parish priests, the hum-blest and most oppressed portion of the community, to whom alone a crusade against the Turk could have the slightest attraction. They assembled in their counties, and by the See also:time Dozsa had drilled them into some sort of discipline and self-confidence, they began to See also:air the grievances of their class. No See also:measures had been taken to See also:supply these voluntary crusaders with See also:food or clothing; as See also:harvest-time approached, the landlords commanded them to return to reap the See also:fields, and on their refusing to do so, proceeded to maltreat their wives and families and set their armed retainers upon the See also:half-starved multitudes. Instantly the movement was diverted from its See also:original See also:object, and the peasants and their leaders began a war of extermination against the landlords. By this time Dozsa was losing See also:control of the See also:rabble, which had fallen under the See also:influence of the socialist See also:parson of Czegled, Lorincz Meszaros. The See also:rebellion was the more dangerous as the See also:town rabble was on the See also:side of the peasants, and in Buda and other places the See also:cavalry sent against the Kuruczok were unhorsed as they passed through the See also:gates. The rebellion spread like See also:lightning, principally in the central or purely Magyar provinces, where hundreds of See also:manor-houses and castles were burnt and thousands of the gentry done to See also:death by impalement, crucifixion and other unspeakable methods. Dozsa's See also:camp at Czegled was the centre of the See also:jacquerie, and from thence he sent out his bands in every direction, pillaging and burning. In vain the papal bull was revoked, in vain the See also: Meanwhile Dozsa had captured the See also:city and fortress of Csanad, and signalized his victory by impaling the See also:bishop and the castellan. Subsequently, at See also:Arad, the See also:lord treasurer, Istvan Telegdy, was seized and tortured to death with satanic ingenuity. It should, however, in fairness be added that only notorious bloodsuckers, or obstinately resisting noblemen, were destroyed in this way. Those who freely submitted were always released on See also:parole, and Dozsa not only never See also:broke his given word, but frequently assisted the See also:escape of fugitives. But he could not always control his followers when their See also:blood was up, and See also:infinite damage was done before he could stop it. At first, too, it seemed as if the See also:government were incapable of See also:coping with him. In the course of the summer he took the fortresses of Arad, Lippa and Vilagos; provided himself with guns and trained gunners; and one of his bands advanced to within five leagues of the See also:capital. But his halfnaked,See also:ill-armed ploughboys were at last overmatched by the See also:mail-clad See also:chivalry of the nobles. Dozsa, too, had become demoralized by success. After Csanad, he issued proclamations which can only be described as nihilistic. His suppression had become a See also:political See also:necessity. He was finally routed at See also:Temesvar by the combined forces of Janos Zapolya and Istvan See also:Bathory, was captured, and condemned to sit on a red-hot See also:iron See also:throne, with a red-hot iron See also:crown on his See also:head and a red-hot See also:sceptre in his See also:hand. This infernal See also:sentence was actually carried out, and, See also:life still lingering, the half-roasted See also:carcass of the unhappy wretch, who endured everything with invincible heroism, was finally devoured by half-a-dozen of his See also:fellow-rebels, who by way of preparation had been starved for a whole See also:week beforehand. See See also:Sandor Marki, Dozsa Gyorgy (Hung.), See also:Budapest, 1884. (R. N. Additional information and CommentsThere are no comments yet for this article.
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