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See also:JOHN See also:ALBERT (1459-1501) , See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:Poland, third son of Casimir IV. king of Poland and See also:Elizabeth of See also:Austria. As See also:crown See also:prince he distinguished himself by his brilliant victory over the See also:Tatars at Kopersztyn in 1487. He succeeded his See also:father in 1492. The loss of See also:revenue consequent upon the See also:secession of Lithuania placed John Albert at the See also:mercy of the See also:Polish Sejmiki or See also:local diets, where the szlachta, or See also:country gentry, made their subsidies dependent upon the' king's subservience. Primarily a See also:warrior with a strong See also:taste for heroic See also:adventure, John Albert desired to pose as the See also:champion of Christendom against the See also:Turks. Circumstances seemed, moreover, to favour him. In his See also:brother See also:Wladislaus, who as king of See also:Hungary and Bohemia possessed a dominant See also:influence in Central hurope, he found a counterpoise to the machinations of the See also:emperor See also:Maximilian, who in 1492 had concluded an See also:alliance against him with See also:Ivan III. of Muscovy, while, as suzerain of See also:Moldavia, John Albert was favourably situated for attacking the Turks. At the See also:conference of Leutschau in 1494 the details of the expedition were arranged between the See also:kings of Poland and Hungary and the elector See also:Frederick of See also:Brandenburg, with the co-operation of See also:Stephen, See also:hospodar of Moldavia, who had appealed to John Albert for assistance. In the course of 1496 John Albert with See also:great difficulty collected an See also:army of 8o,000 men in Poland, but the crusade was deflected from its proper course by the sudden invasion of See also:Galicia by the hospodar, who apparently—for the whole subject is still very obscure—had been misled by reports from Hungary that John Albert was See also:bent upon placing his younger brother See also:Sigismund on the See also:throne of Moldavia. Be that as it may, the Poles entered Moldavia not as See also:friends, but as foes, and, after the abortive See also:siege of See also:Suczawa, were compelled to See also:retreat through the Bukowina to Sniatyn, harassed all the way by the forces of the hospodar. The insubordination of the szlachta seems to have been one cause of this disgraceful collapse, for John Albert confiscated hundreds of their estates after his return; in spite of which, to the end of his See also:life he retained his extraordinary popularity. When the new See also:grand See also:master of the See also:Teutonic See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order, See also:Frederic of See also:Saxony, refused to render See also:homage to the Polish crown, John Albert compelled him to do so. His intention of still further humiliating the Teutonic order was frustrated by his sudden See also:death in 1501. A valiant soldier and a See also:man of much enlightenment, John Albert was a poor politician, recklessly sacrificing the future to the See also:present.
See V. See also:Czerny, The Reigns of John Albert and See also:Alexander Jagiello (Pol.) (See also:Cracow, 1882).
End of Article: JOHN ALBERT (1459-1501)
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