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HOSPODAR

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 801 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HOSPODAR , a See also:

term of See also:Slavonic origin, meaning " See also:lord " (Russ. gospodar). It is a derivative of gospod, " lord," and is akin to gosudar, which primarily means " See also:sovereign," and is now also used in See also:Russia as a polite See also:form of address, See also:equivalent to " See also:sir." The See also:pronunciation as hospodar of a word written gospodar in all but one of the Slavonic See also:languages which retain the See also:Cyrillic See also:alphabet is not, as is sometimes alleged, due to the See also:influence of Little See also:Russian, but to that of See also:Church Slavonic. In both of these g is frequently pronounced h. In Little Russian the See also:title hospodar is specially applied to the See also:master of a See also:house or the See also:head of a See also:family. The rulers of See also:Walachia and See also:Moldavia were styled hospodars from the 15th See also:century to 1866. At the end of this See also:period, as the title had been held by many vassals of See also:Turkey, its retention was considered inconsistent with the growth of Rumanian See also:independence. It was therefore discarded in favour of domn (See also:dominus, " lord "), which continued to be the See also:official princely title up to the See also:proclamation of a Rumanian See also:kingdom in 1881.

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