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See also:ALBERONI, GIULIO (1664-1752) , Spanish–Italian See also:cardinal and statesman, was See also:born near See also:Piacenza, probably at the See also:village of See also:Fiorenzuola, on ' the 31st of May 1664. His See also:father was a gardener, and he himself became first connected with the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church in the humble position of See also:verger in the See also:cathedral of Piacenza.'
Having gained the favour of See also:Bishop Barni he took See also:priest's orders, and afterwards accompanied the son of his See also:patron to See also:Rome. During the ' See also:war of the See also:Spanish See also:succession Alberoni laid the See also:foundation of his See also:political success by the services he rendered to the See also:duke of See also:Vendome, See also:commander of the See also:French forces in See also:Italy; and when these forces were recalled in 1706 he accompanied the duke to See also:Paris, where he was favourably received by See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XIV. Ins 1711 he followed Vendome into See also:Spain as his secretary. Two years later, the duke having died in the See also:interval, Alberoni was appointed consular See also:agent for See also:Parma at the See also:court of See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip V. of Spain, being raised at the same See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time to the dignity of See also:count. On his arrival at See also:Madrid he found the princesse See also:des See also:Ursins all but omnipotent with the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, and for a time he judged it expedient to use her See also:influence in carrying out his plans. In See also:concert with her he arranged the king's See also:marriage with See also:Elizabeth See also:Farnese of Parma, . The influence of the new See also:queen being actively exerted on Alberoni's behalf, he speedily See also:rose to high position. He was made a member of the king's See also:council, bishop of See also:Malaga, and in 1715 See also:prime See also:minister, and was raised to the dignity of cardinal in 1717. ' His See also:internal policy was exceedingly vigorous. The See also:main purpose he put before himself was to produce an economic revival in Spain by abolishing internal See also:custom-houses, throwing open the See also:trade of the Indies and reorganizing the finances. With the resources thus gained he undertook to enable King Philip V. to carry out an ambitious policy both in Italy and in See also:France. The impatience of the king and his wife gave the minister no time to mature his plans. By provoking See also:England, France, See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland and the See also:Empire at once it brought a See also:flood of disaster on Spain for which Alberoni was held responsible. On the 5th of See also:December 1719 he was ordered to leave Spain, Elizabeth herself having taken an active See also:part in procuring the See also:decree of banishment. He went to Italy, and there had to take See also:refuge among the See also:Apennines, See also:Pope See also:Clement XI., who was his See also:bitter enemy, having given strict orders for his See also:arrest. On the See also:death of Clement, Alberoni boldly appeared at the See also:Conclave, and took part in the See also:election of See also:Innocent XIII. (1721), after which he was for a See also:short time imprisoned by the pontiff on the demand of Spain. At the next election (1724) he was himself proposed for the papal See also:chair, and secured ten votes at the Conclave which elected See also:Benedict XIII. Benedict's successor, Clement XII. (elected 1730), named him See also:legate of See also:Ravenna, in which capacity he incurred the pope's displeasure by the strong and unwarrantable See also:measures he adopted to reduce the little See also:republic of See also:San See also:Marino to subjection to Rome. He' was consequently replaced by another legate in 1740, and soon after he retired to Piacenza. Clement XII. appointed him See also:administrator of the See also:hospital of San Lazzaro at Piacenza in 1730. The-hospital was a See also:medieval foundation for the benefit of lepers. The disease having disappeared from Italy, Alberoni obtained the consent of the pope to the suppression of the hospital, which had fallen into See also:great disorder, and replaced it by a See also:college for the See also:education of seventy poor boys for the priesthood, under the name of the Collegio Alberoni, which it still bears. He died on the 16th of See also:June 1752, leaving a sum of 600,000 ducats to endow the See also:seminary he had founded, and the See also:residue of the immense See also:wealth he had acquired in Spain to his See also:nephew. Alberoni See also:left a large quantity of See also:manuscripts; but the genuineness of the Political Testament, published in his name at See also:Lausanne in 1753, has been questioned.
An Histoire du Cardinal Alberoni up to 1719 was published by See also:Jean Rousset de Missy at the See also:Hague in 1719. A laudatory See also:life, Storia del Cardinale Giulio Alberoni, was published by Stefano Bersani, a priest educated at his college, at Piacenza, in, 1861. Giulio Alberoni e ii suo secolo, by Giovanni Bianchi (1901), is briefer and more See also:critical. See also Lettres intimes de J. Alberoni, edited by M. E. See also:Bourgeois (1892).
End of Article: ALBERONI, GIULIO (1664-1752)
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