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sap of the plant. The insects begin at once to exude the resinous secretion over their entire bodies; this forms in effect a cocoon, and, the See also:

SEPARATE

separate exudations coalescing, a continuous hard resinous layer regularly honeycombed with small cavities is deposited over and around the twig. From this living See also:

TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb the See also:

FEMALE

female insects, which See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form the See also:

GREAT

great bulk of the whole, never See also:

ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape. After their impregnation, which takes See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place on the liberation of the See also:

MALES

males, about three months from their first appearance, the See also:

FEMALES

females develop into a singular amorphous organism consisting in its See also:

main features of a large smooth shining See also:

CRIMSON

crimson-coloured See also:

sac—the ovary—with a See also:

BEAK (early forms beke and becke, from Fr. bec, late Lat. beccus, supposed to be a Gaulish word; the Celtic bec and beq, however, are taken from the English)

beak See also:

STUCK, FRANZ (1863— )

stuck into the bark, and a few papillary processes projected above the resinous See also:

SURFACE

surface. The red fluid in the ovary is the substance which forms the lac dye of See also:

commerce. To obtain the largest amount of both See also:

RESIN (through O.Fr. resine, modern reline, from Lat. resina, prcbably Latinized from Greek Pirivrt, resin)

resin and dye-stuff it is necessary to gather the twigs with their living inhabitants in or near See also:

JUNE

June and See also:

NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November. Lac encrusting the twigs as gathered is known in commerce as "stick lac"; the resin crushed to small fragments and washed in hot See also:

WATER

water to See also:

FREE

free it from colouring matter constitutes " See also:

SEED (from the root seen in Lat. serere, to sow)

seed lac "; and this, when melted, strained through thick See also:

CANVAS

canvas, and spread out into thin layers. is known as " shellac," and is the form in which the resin is usually brought to See also:

EUROPEAN

European markets. Shellac varies in See also:

COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour from a dark See also:

AMBER

amber to an almost pure See also:

black; the palest, known as " See also:

orange-lac," is the most valuable; the darker varieties —" See also:

LIVER (O. Eng. lifer; cf. cognate forms, Dutch lever, Ger. Leber, Swed. lefver, &c.; the O. H. Ger. forms are libara, lipora, &c.; the Teut. word has been connected with Gr. i'prap and Lat. jecur)

liver-coloured," " See also:

RUBY (Lat. rubeus, red)

ruby," " See also:

garnet," &c.—diminish in value as the colour deepens.

Shellac may be bleached by dissolving it in a boiling See also:

LYE (0. Eng. leag, cf. Dutch loog, Ger. Lauge, from the root meaning to wash, see in Lat. lavare, and Eng. " lather," froth of soap and water, and " laundry ")

lye of See also:

CAUSTIC (Gr. rcavvraubs, burning)

caustic potash and passing See also:

CHLORINE (symbol Cl, atomic weight 35`46 (0=16)

chlorine through the See also:

SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution till all the resin is precipitated, the product being known as See also:

white shellac. Bleached lac takes See also:

LIGHT

light delicate shades of colour, and dyed a See also:

GOLDEN

golden yellow it is much used in the East Indies for working into See also:

CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

chain ornaments for the See also:

head in sealing-See also:

wax, and forms the basis of some of the most valuable varnishes, besides being useful in various cements, &c. See also:

AVERAGE

Average stick lac contains about 68 % of resin, 10 of lac dye and 6 of a waxy substance. Lac dye is obtained by evaporating the water in which stick lac is washed, and comes into commerce in the form of small square cakes. It is in many respects similar to, although not identical with, cochineal.

End of Article: LAC

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