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LABYRINTHULIDEA

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Originally appearing in Volume V16, Page 35 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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LABYRINTHULIDEA , the name given by See also:

Sir See also:Ray Lankester (1885) to See also:Sarcodina (q.v.) forming a reticulate plasmodium, the denser masses See also:united by See also:fine pseudopodical threads, hardly distinct from some Proteomyxa, such as Archerina. This is a small and heterogeneous See also:group. Labyrinthula, discovered by L. Cienkowsky, forms a network of relatively stiff threads on which are scattered large spindle-shaped enlargements, each representing an See also:amoeba, with a single See also:nucleus. The threads are pseudopods, very slowly emitted and withdrawn. The amoebae multiply by fission in the active See also:state. The nearestapproach to a " reproductive " state is the approximation of the amoebae, and their See also:separate encystment in an irregular heap, Labyrinthulidea. several cells which have lost their definite spindle-shaped See also:contour. s, Corpuscles which have become spherical and are no longer moving (perhaps about to be encysted). 4. A single spindle See also:cell and threads of Labyrinthula macrocystis, Cienk. n, Nucleus. 5. A group of encysted cells of L.

Macrocystis, embedded in a tough secretion. 6, 7. Encysted cells of L. macrocystis, with enclosed See also:

protoplasm divided into four spores. 8, 9. Transverse See also:division of a nonencysted spindle-cell of L. macrocystis. i. A See also:colony or " cell-heap " of Labyrinthula vitellina, Cienk., crawling upon an Alga. 2. A colony or " cell-heap " of Chlamydomyxa labyrinthuloides, See also:Archer, with fully See also:expanded network of threads on which the See also:oat-shaped corpuscles (cells) are moving. o, Is an ingested See also:food particle ; at c a portion of the See also:general protoplasm has detached it-self and become encysted. 3 A portion of the network of Labyrinthula vitellina, Cienk., more highly magnified. p, Protoplasmic See also:mass apparently produced by See also:fusion of several filaments. p', Fusion of recalling the Acrasieae. From each cyst ultimately emerges a ~ and for other See also:personal adornments. See also:Lac is a See also:principal ingredient single amoebae, or more rarely four (See also:figs.

6, 7). The saprophyte Diplophrys (?) stercorea (Cienk.) appears closely allied to this. Chlamydomyxa (W. Archer) resembles Labyrinthula in its freely branched plasmodium, but contains yellowish chromatophores, and See also:

minute See also:oval vesicles (" physodes ") filled with a substance allied to See also:tannin—possibly phloroglucin—which glide along the plasmodial tracks. The cell-See also:body contains numerous nuclei; but in its active state is not resolvable into distinct oval amoeboids. It is amphitrophic, ingesting and digesting other See also:Protista, as well as " assimilating" by its chromatophores, the product being oil, not See also:starch. The whole body may See also:form a laminated See also:cellulose resting cyst, from which it may only temporarily emerge (fig. 2), or it may undergo See also:resolution into nucleate cells which then encyst, and become multinucleate before rupturing the cyst afresh. Leydenia (F. Schaudinn) is a See also:parasite in See also:malignant diseases of the pleura. The pseudopodia of adjoining cells unite to form a network; but its See also:affinities seem to such social naked See also:Foraminifera as Mikrogromia. See Cienkowsky, Archiv f.

Microscopische Anatomie, 274 (1867), xii. 44 (1876); W. Archer, Quart. Jour. Microscopic See also:

Science, xv. 107 (1875); E. R. Lankester, Ibid., xxxix., 233 (1896); Hieronymus and Jenkinson, Ibid., xlii. 89 (1899); W. Zopf, Beitrage zur Physiologie and Morphologie niederer Organismen, ii. 36 (1892), iv. 6o (1894) ; Permed, Archiv See also:fur Protistenkunde, iv.

296 (1904); F. Schaudinn and See also:

Leyden, Sitzungsberichte der Koniglich preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaft, vi. (1896).

End of Article: LABYRINTHULIDEA

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