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REPRODUCTION

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Originally appearing in Volume V23, Page 116 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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REPRODUCTION , in See also:

biology, the See also:generation of new See also:organ-isms from existing organisms more or less similar. It is a See also:special See also:case of growth, and consists of an increase of living substance in such See also:fashion that the new substance is either set See also:free as a new individual, or, whilst remaining attached to the See also:parent organism, separated by some sort of See also:partition so as to have a subordinate individuality. Y. Delage has distinguished as multiplication those cases in which the new individual arises from a See also:mass of cells which remain a See also:part of the maternal tissues during differentiation, reserving the See also:term reproduction for those cases in which the spore or See also:cell which is the starting-point of the new individual begins by separating from the maternal tissues; but the distinction is inconvenient in practice and does not appear to carry with it any fundamental biological significance. The See also:general relation between parent and filial organisms is discussed under See also:HEREDITY and -See also:EMBRYOLOGY; many of the details of the cellular processes are dealt with under See also:CYTOLOGY, and the modes of reproduction exhibited by different kinds of animals and See also:plants are treated of in the various articles describing individual See also:groups. Finally, some of the special problems involved are discussed under the heading See also:SEX. As reproduction is a general biological phenomenon, its manifestations should be dealt with simultaneously in the case of animals and plants, but many of the special details differ so much that it is practically convenient to make two headings.

End of Article: REPRODUCTION

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