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SPRENGEL, KURT (1766-1833)

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Originally appearing in Volume V25, Page 737 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SPRENGEL, KURT (1766-1833) , See also:German botanist and physician, was See also:born an the 3rd of See also:August 1766 at Bodelkow in Pome- rania. His See also:uncle, See also:Christian Konrad Sprengel (1750-1816), is remembered for his studies in the fertilization of See also:flowers by See also:insects—a subject in which he reached conclusions many years ahead of his See also:time. His See also:father, a clergyman, provided him with a thorough See also:education of wide See also:scope; and the boy at an See also:early See also:age distinguished himself as a linguist, not only in Latin and See also:Greek, but also in Arabic. He appeared as an author at the age of fourteen, See also:publishing a small See also:work called Anleitung zur Botanik filr Frauenzimmer in 1780. In 1784 he began to study See also:theology and See also:medicine at the university of See also:Halle, but soon relinquished the former. He graduated in medicine in 1787. In 1789 he was appointed extraordinary See also:professor of medicine in his See also:alma mater, and in 1795 was promoted to be See also:ordinary professor. He devoted much of his time to medical work and to investigations into the See also:history of medicine; and he held a foremost See also:rank as an See also:original investigator both in medicine and See also:botany. Among the more important of his many services to the latter See also:science was the See also:part he took in awakening and stimulating microscopic investigation into the See also:anatomy of the tissues of the higher See also:plants, though defective microscopic appliances rendered the conclusions arrived at by himself untrustworthy. He also made many improvements in the details of both the Linnaean and the " natural " systems of See also:classification. He died of an apoplectic seizure at Halle on the 15th of See also:March 1833. Sprengel's more important See also:works were: Beitrage zur Geschichte See also:des Pulses (1787); Galens Fieberlehre (1788); Apologie des Hippokrates (1789); Versuch einer pragmatisclzen Geschichte der Arzneikunde (1792—1799); Handbuch der Pathologic (1795—1797); Institutions medicae (6 vols., 1809—1816) ; Geschichte der Medicin (completed in 1820); Antiquitatum botanicarum specimen (1798); Historia rei herbariae (18o7—r8o8); Anleitung zur Kenntniss der Gewachse (1802—1804; and again 1817—1818); Geschichte der Botanik (1817—1818) ; See also:Van dem Bau and der Natur der Gewachse (1812) ; See also:Flora halensis (1806—1815; and in 1832); See also:Species umbelliferarum minus cognitae (1818) ; Neue Entdeckung See also:im ganzen Umfang der Pflanzenkunde (1820—1822).

He edited an edition of See also:

Linnaeus's Systema vegetabilium in 1824 and of the Genera plantarum in 183o. A See also:list of his botanical papers from 1798 onwards will be found in the Royal Society's See also:Catalogue of Scientific Papers.

End of Article: SPRENGEL, KURT (1766-1833)

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