"place that affords a view from a height," by 1861, from overlook (v.).

late 14c., overloken, "to examine carefully, scrutinize, inspect," from over- + look (v.). Another Middle English sense was "to peer over the top of, survey from on high, view from a high place" (c. 1400).

These two literal senses have given rise to the two main modern meanings. The meaning "to look over or beyond and thus fail to see" (hence "to pass over indulgently") is via the notion of "to choose to not notice" and is attested from 1520s. The seemingly contradictory sense of "to watch over officially, keep an eye on, superintend" is from 1530s. Related: Overlooked; overlooking. In Shakespeare's day, overlooking also was a common term for "inflicting the evil eye on" (someone or something). Middle English had oure-loker (over-looker), meaning "a timekeeper in a monastery" (early 15c.).

late 12c., "a feudal superior, ruler possessing the fealty of other rulers," from over- + lord (n.). In English history, especially a king of one of the Anglo-Saxon realms who held pre-eminence or authority over some of the other kings and chiefs. The word was chosen in 1943 as the Allied code-word for the invasion of western Europe that resulted in D-Day.

 In the perspective of 'Overlord,' that one huge hazardous offensive operation on which, it seemed, the fate of the world depended, smaller adventures receded to infinitesimal importance. [Evelyn Waugh, "Unconditional Surrender"]

"above or beyond the proper amount or degree," mid-15c., from over (adv.) + -ly. Old English had oferlice "excessively." Used colloquially in place of over- in certain situations. After Old English and until 20c., the word is mostly in Scottish and American English and was often "regarded as an Americanism in the U.K." [OED].

mid-14c., overmaistren, "overpower, overcome, subdue, vanquish," from over- + master (v.). Related: Overmastered; overmastering.

late 14c., overmacchen, "be more than a match for, defeat, excel, outdo, surpass," from over- + match (v.). Burton ("Anatomy of Melancholy," 1621) has it in the sense of "to give in marriage above one's station." Related: Overmatched; overmatching.

"too great in amount, excessive, immoderate," c. 1300, from over- + much (q.v.). As an adverb, "excessively, immoderately," from late 14c. As a noun, "an excessive amount," c. 1300. Old English had cognate ofermicel. Middle English also had overmore "further, in addition, moreover" (late 14c.). 

also over-nice, "fastidious," early 14c., from over- + nice (adj.).

c. 1300, "at night, at evening, through or during the night," from over- + night (n.). Originally especially "during the night just passed." The meaning "in the course of a single night, hence seemingly instantaneously" is attested from 1939. As a noun, "a stop lasting one night," by 1959. As a verb, "to pass the night," by 1891.

also over-park, "to park (a car, etc.) longer than permitted," 1938, American English, from over- + park (v.). Related: Overparked; overparking.