1570s, "an aggregate of nine," from Latin novenarius (adj.) "consisting of nine," from novem "nine" (see nine). As an adjective, "pertaining to the number nine or consisting of nine," c. 1600.

"done or recurring every ninth year," 1650s, from Latin novennialis, from novennis "of nine years," from novem "nine" (see nine)  + annus "year" (see annual (adj.)). 

"characteristic of or resembling a step-mother," 1620s, from Late Latin novercalis, "of or like a step-mother," also "hostile, violent," from noverca, literally "a new mother," from novus "new" (see new).

artificial language created by Jespersen, 1928, from stem of Latin novus "new" (see new), with second element  standing for International Auxiliary Language.

mid-14c., "probationer in a religious order," from Old French novice "beginner" (12c.), from Medieval Latin novicius, noun use of Latin novicius "newly imported, newly arrived, inexperienced" (of slaves), from novus "new" (see new). Meaning "inexperienced person, one new to his circumstances" is attested from early 15c. As an adjective, "having the character of a beginner; befitting a novice," from 1520s.

also noviciate, c. 1600, "state of being a novice," from Middle French noviciat or directly from Medieval Latin novitiatus, from Late Latin novitius "novice," from Latin adjective novicius "newly arrived, inexperienced" (see novice). Meaning "quarters in a convent occupied by novices" is from 1620s.

on the Great Seal of the United States of America, apparently an allusion to line 5 of Virgil's "Eclogue IV," in an 18c. edition: Magnus ab integro seclorum nascitur ordo "The great series of ages begins anew." The seal's designer, Charles Thomson, wrote that the words "signify the beginnings of the New American Era." (see Annuit Coeptis).

Middle English nou, from Old English nu "at the present time, at this moment, immediately; now that," also used as an interjection and as an introductory word; from Proto-Germanic *nu (source also of Old Norse nu, Dutch nu, Old Frisian nu, German nun, Gothic nu "now"), from PIE *nu "now" (source also of Sanskrit and Avestan nu, Old Persian nuram, Hittite nuwa, Greek nu, nun, Latin nunc, Old Church Slavonic nyne, Lithuanian nū, Old Irish nu-). Perhaps originally "newly, recently," and related to the root of new.

Since Old English often merely emphatic, without a temporal sense (as in now then, which is attested from early 13c.). As a noun, "the present time," from late 14c. The adjective meaning "up to date" was revived by 1967, but the word was used also as an adjective with the sense of "current" from late 14c. through 18c. Now and then "occasionally, at one time and another" is from mid-15c.; now or never attested from early 13c. (nu oþer neure).

"in these times, at the present," late 14c., contracted from Middle English nou adayes (mid-14c.), from now + adayes "during the day" (see adays).