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map (n.)

"drawing upon a plane surface representing a part or whole of the earth's surface or the heavens, with the various points drawn in proportion and in corresponding positions," 1520s, a shortening of Middle English mapemounde "map of the world" (late 14c.), and in part from Middle French mappe, shortening of Old French mapemonde. Both the fuller English and French words are from Medieval Latin mappa mundi "map of the world."

The first element is from Latin mappa "napkin, cloth" (on which maps were drawn), "tablecloth, signal-cloth, flag," said by Quintilian to be of Punic (Semitic) origin (compare Talmudic Hebrew mappa, contraction of Mishnaic menaphah "a fluttering banner, streaming cloth"). The second element is Latin mundi "of the world," from mundus "universe, world" (see mundane).

Commonly used 17c. in a figurative sense of "epitome; detailed representation of anything." To put (something) on the map "bring it to wide attention" is from 1913.

map (v.)

1580s, "to make a map of," from map (n.). Related: Mapped, mapping. To map (something) out in the figurative sense is from 1610s.

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Definitions of map from WordNet
1
map (v.)
make a map of; show or establish the features of details of;
map the surface of Venus
map (v.)
explore or survey for the purpose of making a map;
We haven't even begun to map the many galaxies that we know exist
map (v.)
locate within a specific region of a chromosome in relation to known DNA or gene sequences;
map the genes
map (v.)
plan, delineate, or arrange in detail;
map one's future
Synonyms: map out
map (v.)
depict as if on a map;
sorrow was mapped on the mother's face
map (v.)
to establish a mapping (of mathematical elements or sets);
Synonyms: represent
2
map (n.)
a diagrammatic representation of the earth's surface (or part of it);
map (n.)
(mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function);
Synonyms: function / mathematical function / single-valued function / mapping
From wordnet.princeton.edu