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C60H60O22(?)

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Originally appearing in Volume V12, Page 143 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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C60H60O22(?) , which hydrolyses to rhamnose and hesperetin, C16H14O6, the phloroglucin ester of See also:meta-oxy-See also:para-methoxycinnamic See also:acid or isoferulic acid, C,oHioO4. We may here include various See also:coumarin and benzo-y-pyrone derivatives. Aesculin, C16H16O9, occurring in See also:horse-See also:chestnut, and daphnin, occurring in See also:Daphne alpine, are isomeric; the former hydrolyses to See also:glucose and aesculetin (4.5-dioxycoumarin), the latter to glucose and daphnetin (3.4-dioxycoumarin). Fraxin, C,EH,80,o, occurring in Fraxinus excelsior, and with aesculin in horse-chestnut, hydrolyses to glucose and fraxetin, the mono-methyl ester of a trioxycoumarin. Flavone or benzo-7-pyrone derivatives are very numerous; in many cases they (or the non-See also:sugar See also:part of the See also:molecule) are See also:vegetable dyestuffs. Quercitrin, C21H22O12, is a yellow dyestuff found in Quercus tinctoria; it hydrolyses to rhamnose and quercetin, a dioxy-/3-phenyl-trioxybenzoy-pyrone. Rhamnetin, a splitting product of the glucosides of Rhamnus, is monomethyl quercetin; fisetin, from Rhus cotinus, is monoxyquercetin; chrysin is phenyl-dioxybenzo-y-pyrone. Saponarin, a See also:glucoside found.in Saponaria officinalis, is a related See also:compound. Strophanthin is the name given to three different compounds, two obtained from See also:Strophanthus Kombe and one from S. hispidus. 4. See also:Anthracene Derivatives.—These are generally substituted anthraquinones; many have medicinal applications, being used as purgatives, while one, ruberythric acid, yields the valuable dye-stuff See also:madder, the See also:base of which is See also:alizarin (q.v.). Chrysophanic acid, a dioxymethylanthraquinone, occurs in See also:rhubarb, which also contains emodin, a trioxymethylanthraquinone; this substance occurs in See also:combination with rhamnose in frangula bark.

The most important cyanogenetic glucoside is See also:

amygdalin, which occurs in See also:bitter almonds. The See also:enzyme maltase decomposes it into glucose and mandelic nitrile glucoside; the latter is broken down by emulsin into glucose, See also:benzaldehyde and prussic acid. Emulsin also decomposes amygdalin directly into these compounds without the intermediate formation of mandelic nitrile glucoside. Several other glucosides of this nature have been isolated. The saponins are a See also:group of substances characterized by forming a lather with See also:water; they occur in See also:soap-bark (q.v.). Mention may also be made of indican, the glucoside of the See also:indigo plant; this is hydrolysed by the indigo ferment, indimulsin, to indoxyl and indiglucin.

End of Article: C60H60O22(?)

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