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AMYGDALIN (from the Gr. aµurySaXrt, a...

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Originally appearing in Volume V01, Page 900 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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AMYGDALIN (from the Gr. aµurySaXrt, See also:almond), C2 ,3H27NO11, a See also:glucoside isolated from See also:bitter almonds by H. E. Robiquet and A. F. Boutron-Charlard in 183o, and subsequently investigated by See also:Liebig and See also:Wohler, and others. It is extracted from almond cake by boiling See also:alcohol; on evaporation of the See also:solution and the addition of See also:ether, amygdalin is precipitated as See also:white See also:minute crystals. Sulphuric See also:acid decomposes it into d-See also:glucose, See also:benzaldehyde and prussic acid; while hydrochloric acid gives mandelic acid, d-glucose and See also:ammonia. The decomposition induced by enzymes may occur in two ways. Maltase partially decomposes it, giving d-glucose and mandelic nitrile glucoside, C6H5CH(CN)O•C6H11O5; this See also:compound is isomeric with sambunigrin, a glucoside found by E. E. Bourquelot and Danjou in the berries of the See also:common See also:elder, Sambucus See also:nigra. Emulsin, on the other See also:hand, decomposes it into benzaldehyde, prussic acid, and two molecules of glucose; this See also:enzyme occurs in the bitter almond, and consequently the seeds invariably contain See also:free prussic acid and benzaldehyde.

An " amorphous amygdalin " is said to occur in the See also:

cherry-See also:laurel. Closely related to these glucosides is dhurrin, C14H1707N, isolated by W. See also:Dunstan and T. A. See also:Henry from the common See also:sorghum or " See also:great See also:millet," Sorghum vulgare; this substance is decomposed by emulsin or hydrochloric acid into d-glucose, prussic acid, and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde.

End of Article: AMYGDALIN (from the Gr. aµurySaXrt, almond), C2

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