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IODOFORM, CHI3

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Originally appearing in Volume V14, Page 726 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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IODOFORM, CHI3 , a valuable antiseptic discovered by G. S. Serullas in 1822; in 1834 J. B. See also:Dumas showed than it contained See also:hydrogen. It is formed by the See also:action of See also:iodine and aqueous potash on See also:ethyl See also:alcohol, See also:acetone, acetaldehyde and from most compounds containing the grouping See also:CH3•CO•C–. Its formation from alcohol may be represented thus: C2H5OH+ 412+6KHO= CHI3+KHCO2+5KI+5H20. It crystallizes in yellow hexagonal plates, melting at 119-1200 C., and is readily soluble in alcohol and See also:ether, but is insoluble in See also:water. It has a characteristic odour and is volatile in See also:steam. On reduction with hydriodic See also:acid, it yields methylene iodide, CH2I2. More recently, iodoform has been prepared by the See also:electrolysis of a See also:solution of See also:potassium iodide in the presence of alcohol or acetone, the electrolytic See also:cell being fitted with a See also:diaphragm, in See also:order to prevent the hydrogen which is formed at the same See also:time from reducing the iodoform, or from combining with the iodine to See also:form hydriodic acid. K.

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Ellis uses a solution of potassium iodide and See also:sodium carbonate in water, which with the necessary alcohol is contained in a porous cell fitted with a See also:lead anode, whilst the See also:cathode compartment contains a solution of See also:caustic soda and a See also:nickel electrode. The electrolysis is carried out at a temperature of 7o° C., and a current See also:density of one See also:ampere per square decimetre is used. At the end of three See also:hours a yield of 7o 04, of the theoretical quantity is obtained.

End of Article: IODOFORM, CHI3

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