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AMPERE, ANDRE MARIE (1775–1836)

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Originally appearing in Volume V01, Page 879 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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AMPERE, See also:
ANDRE, JOHN (1751-178o)
ANDRE See also:
MARIE
MARIE (1775–1836) , See also:

French physicist, was See also:

BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Polemieux, near See also:

Lyons, on the 22nd of See also:

JANUARY

January 1775. He took a passionate delight in the pursuit of knowledge from his very See also:

INFANCY

infancy, and is reported to have worked out See also:

long arithmetical sums by means of pebbles and See also:

BISCUIT (pronounced according to the old spelling " bisket," a Fr. form from Lat. bis, twice, and coctum, cooked, in reference to the original method of preparation; cf. Ital. biscotto, Sp. bizcocho, &c.)

biscuit crumbs before he knew the figures. His See also:

FATHER

father began to See also:

TEACH [THATCH OR THACH], EDWARD (d. 1718)

teach him Latin, but ceased on discovering the boy's greater inclination and aptitude for mathematical studies. The See also:

young Ampere, however, soon resumed his Latin lessons, to enable him to See also:

MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master the See also:

WORKS

works of See also:

EULER, LEONHARD (1707-1783)

Euler and Bernouilli. In later See also:

LIFE

life he was accustomed to say thai he knew as much about See also:

MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics when he was eighteen as ever he knew; but his See also:

READING

reading embraced nearly the whole See also:

ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round of knowledge—history, travels, See also:

POETRY

poetry, See also:

PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy and the natural sciences. When Lyons was taken by the See also:

army of the See also:

Convention in 1793, the father of Ampere, who, holding the See also:

OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of See also:

JUGE, BOFFILLE DE (d. 1502)

juge de paix, had stood out resolutely against the previous revolutionary excesses, was at once thrown into See also:

PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison, and soon after perished on the See also:

scaffold. This event produced a profound impression on his susceptible mind, and for more than a See also:

YEAR

year he remained sunk in apathy. Then his See also:

INTEREST

interest was aroused by some letters on See also:

BOTANY (from Gr. l3or6v17, plant; ,66vicety, to graze)

botany which See also:

fell into his hands, and from botany he turned to the study of the classic poets, and to the See also:

writing of verses himself. In 1796 he met Julie Carron, and an See also:

ATTACHMENT

attachment sprang up between them, the progress of which he naively recorded in a See also:

journal (Amorum). In 1799 they were married. From about 1796 Ampere gave private lessons at Lyons in mathematics, See also:

chemistry and See also:

LANGUAGES

languages; and in 18o1 he removed to Bourg, as See also:

PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of physics and chemistry, leaving his ailing wife and See also:

INFANT (in early forms enfaunt, enfant, through the Fr. enfant, from Lat. infans, in, not, and fans, the present participle of fari, to speak)

infant son at Lyons. She died in 1804, and he never recovered from the See also:

BLOW, JOHN (1648-1708)

blow.

In the same year he was appointed professor of mathematics at the lycee of Lyons. His small See also:

TREATISE

treatise, Considerations sur la theorie mathentatique du jeu, which demonstrated that the chances of See also:

PLAY

play are decidedly against the habitual gambler, published in 1802, brought him under the See also:

NOTICE

notice of J. B. J. See also:

DELAMBRE, JEAN BAPTISTE JOSEPH (1749-1822)

Delambre, whose recommendation obtained for him the Lyons See also:

APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment, and afterwards (1804) a subordinate position in the See also:

POLYTECHNIC (Gr. aroWus, many, and rEXvn, an art)

polytechnic school at See also:

Paris, where he was elected professor of mathematics in 1809. Here he continued to prosecute his scientific researches and his multifarious studies with unabated See also:

DILIGENCE

diligence. He was admitted a member of the See also:

INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

Institute in 1814. It is on the service that he rendered to See also:

SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science in establishing the relations between See also:

ELECTRICITY

electricity and See also:

magnetism, and in developing the science of See also:

ELECTROMAGNETISM

electromagnetism, or, as he called it, electrodynamics, that Ampere's fame mainly rests. On the 1th of See also:

SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1820 he heard of H. C. Oersted's See also:

DISCOVERY

discovery that a magnetic See also:

NEEDLE (O. Eng. ncedl; the word appears in various forms in Teutonic languages, Ger. Nadel, Dutch naal, the root being ne-, to sew, cf. Ger. nahen, and probably Lat. nere, to spin, Gr. vi)ats, spinning)

needle is acted on by a voltaic current. On the 18th of the same See also:

month he presented a See also:

paper to the See also:

Academy, containing a far more See also:

COMPLETE

complete exposition of that and kindred phenomena.

(See See also:

ELECTROKINETICS

ELECTROKINETICS.) The whole See also:

field thus opened up he explored with characteristic See also:

INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry and care, and See also:

DEVELOPED

developed a mathematical theory which not only explained the electromagnetic phenomena already observed but also predicted many new ones. His See also:

ORIGINAL

original See also:

MEMOIRS

memoirs on this subject may be found in the See also:

Ann. Chico. Phys. between 182o and 1828. See also:

LATE

Late in life he prepared a remarkable Essai sur la philosophic See also:

des sciences. In addition, he wrote a number of scientific memoirs and papers, including two on the integration of partial See also:

DIFFERENTIAL

differential equations (Jour. Ecole Polytechn. x., xi.). He died at See also:

MARSEILLES

Marseilles on the loth of See also:

JUNE

June 1836. The See also:

GREAT

great amiability and childlike simplicity of Ampere's See also:

CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character are well brought out in his Journal et See also:

correspondence (Paris, 1872).

End of Article: AMPERE, ANDRE MARIE (1775–1836)

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