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ORDO 2

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Originally appearing in Volume V23, Page 141 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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ORDO 2 . CROCODILIA. This See also:

CLASSIFICATION (Lat. classis, a class, probably from the root cal-, cla-, as in Gr. icaMce, clamor)

classification received the addition of a fifth Reptilian See also:

order which with many Lacertilian characters combined important Crocodilian See also:

AFFINITIES

affinities, and in certain other respects differed from both, viz. the New See also:

ZEALAND (also SEALAND Or SEELAND; Danish Sjaelland)

Zealand Hatteria, which by its first describers had been placed to the Agamoid Lizards. A. See also:

GUNTHER, JOHANN CHRISTIAN (1695-1723)

GUNTHER,4 who pointed out the characteristics of this reptile, considered it to be co-See also:

ORDINATE

ordinate with the other four orders of See also:

REPTILES (Lat. Reptilia, creeping things, from reptilis; ref ere, to creep; Gr. Ep7rety, whence the term " herpetology," for the science dealing with them)

reptiles, and characterizes it thus: See also:

RHYNCHOCEPHALIA

Rhynchocephalia.—Quadrate See also:

bone suturally and immovably See also:

UNITED

united with the See also:

SKULL

skull and pterygoid; See also:

COLUMELLA, LUCIUS JUNIUS MODERATUS

columella See also:

PRESENT

present. Rami of the mandible united as in Lacertilians. Temporal region with two See also:

HORIZONTAL

horizontal bars. Vertebrae amphicoelian. Copulatory See also:

ORGANS

organs, none. 5. See also:

Period of the Recognition of a Class of Reptilia as See also:

PART

Part of the See also:

SAUROPSIDA

Sauropsida.—Although so far the See also:

DISCOVERY

discovery of every new morphological and developmental fact had prepared naturalists for a class separation of Reptiles and Batrachians, it was See also:

LEFT

left to T. H.

See also:

HUXLEY, THOMAS HENRY (1825–1895)

Huxley to demonstrate, not merely that the See also:

WEIGHT

weight of facts demanded such a class separation, but that the reptiles hold the same relation to birds as the fishes to Batrachians. In his Hunterian Lectures (1863) he divided the vertebrates into Mammals, Sauroids and Ichthyoids, subsequently substituting for the last two the terms Sauropsida and Ichthyopsida.5 The Sauropsida contain the two classes of birds and reptiles, the Ichthyopsida those of Batrachians and fishes. 6. Period of the See also:

CONSIDERATION (from Lat. considerare, to look at closely, examine, generally taken to be from con-, and the base seen in sidus, sideris, a star, the word being supposed to be originally an astrological or astronomical term)

Consideration of Skeletons of See also:

EXTINCT

Extinct Reptiles. See also:

SIR R. See also:

OwEN, while fully appreciating the value of the osteological characters on which Huxley based his See also:

DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division, yet Owen. admitted into his consideration those taken from the organs of circulation and respiration, and reverted to See also:

Latreille's division of warm- and See also:

COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold-blooded (haematothermal and haematocryal) vertebrates, thus approximating the Batrachians to reptiles, and separating them from birds.6 The reptiles (or Monopnoa, Leuck.) thus See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form the highest of the five subclasses into which, after several previous classifications, Owen 7 finally divided the Haematocrya. His division of this subclass, however, into nine orders, makes a considerable step in the progress of herpetology, since it takes into consideration for the first See also:

time the many extinct See also:

groups whose skeletons are found fossil. He shows that the number of living reptilian types bears but a small proportion to that of extinct forms, and therefore that a systematic arrangement of the entire class must be based chiefly upon osteological characters. Ilis nine orders are the following: a. ICHTHYOPTERYGIA (extinct)—See also:

ICHTHYOSAURUS

Ichthyosaurus. b. SAUROPTERYGIA (extinct)—See also:

PLESIOSAURUS

Plesiosaurus, Pliosaurus, Nothosaurus, Placodus.

c. ANOMODONTIA (extinct)—Dicynodon, Rhynchosaurus, Oudenodon. d. CHELONIA. e. LACERTILIA (with the extinct Mosasaurus). f. OPHIDIA. g. CROCODILIA (with the extinct Teleosaurus and Streptospondylus). h. DINOSAURIA (extinct)—See also:

IGUANODON

Iguanodon, Scelidosaurus and Megalosaurus.

i. PTEROSAURIA (extinct)—Dimorphodon, Rhamphorhynchus and Pterodactylus. Owen was followed by Huxley and E. D. See also:

Cope, who, however, restricted still more the selection of classificatory characters by relying for the purposes of arrangement on a few parts of the 4 " Contribution to the See also:

Anatomy of Hatteria (Rhynchocephalus, Owen)," in Phil. Trans. (1867), part ii. 5 An Introduction to the Classification of Animals (See also:

LONDON

London, 1869, 8vo), pp. 104 seq. 5 Anatomy of Vertebrates (London, 1866, 8vo), vol. i. p. 6. 7 Op. cit. p.

16.

End of Article: ORDO 2

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