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chlorine, forming the ketone chlorides. Only those ketones which contain a methyl group are capable of forming crystalline addition compounds with the alkaline bisulphites (F. See also:

Grimm, See also:

Ann., 1871, 157, p. 262). They combine with hydrocyanic See also:

ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid to See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form nitriles, which on See also:

HYDROLYSIS (Gr. 6Swp, water, Anew, to loosen)

hydrolysis furnish hydroxyacids, (See also:

CH3)2CO --> (CH3)2C•OH•CN -> (CH3)2•C•OH•See also:

CO2H

CO2H; with phenylhydrazine they yield hydrazones; with See also:

HYDRAZINE (DIAMIDOGEN), N2H4

hydrazine they yield in addition ketazines RR'•C:N•N:C•RR' (T. See also:

Curtius), and with See also:

HYDROXYLAMINE, NH2OH

hydroxylamine ketoximes. The latter readily under-go the " See also:

BECKMANN, JOHANN (1739–1811)

Beckmann " transformation on treatment with acid chlorides, yielding substituted acid amides, RR'.C:NOH --> See also:

RC(:N•OH)R'-RC(OH)

RC(NR')•OH •-~ R.CO.NHR' (see See also:

OXIMES

OxIMES, also A. Hantzsch, Ber.,1891,24, p.

13). The ketones react with mercaptan to form mercaptols (E. Baumann, Ber., 1885, 18, p. 883), and with concentrated nitric acid they yield dinitroparaffins (G. See also:

CHANCEL (through O. Fr. from Lat. plur. cancelli, dim. of cancer, grating, lattice, probably connected with an Indo-European root Kar-, to bend; cf. circus, curve, &c.)

Chancel, See also:

Bull. de la See also:

soc. chim., 1879, 31, p. 503). With nitrous acid (obtained from amyl nitrite and gaseous hydrochloric acid, the ketone being dissolved in acetic acid) they form isonitroso-ketones, R•CO•CH:NOH (L. Claisen, Ber., 1887, 20, pp. 656, 2194). With See also:

AMMONIA (NH3)

ammonia they yield complex condensation products; See also:

ACETONE, or DIMETHYL KETONE

acetone forming di- and tri- acetonamines (W. Heintz, Ann. 1875, 178, p.

305; 1877, 189, p. 214. They also condense with aldehydes, under the See also:

INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of alkalis or sodium ethylate (L. Claisen, Ann., 1883, 218, pp. 121, 129, 145; 1884, 223, p. 137; S. Kostanecki and G. See also:

ROSSBACH

Rossbach, Ber., 1896, 29, pp. 1488, 1495, 1893, &c.). On treatment with the Grignard reagent, in See also:

ABSOLUTE (Lat. absolvere, to loose, set free)

absolute See also:

ETHER, (C2H5)2O

ether See also:

SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution, they yield addition products which are decomposed by See also:

WATER

water with See also:

PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of See also:

TERTIARY

tertiary alcohols (V. Grignard, Comptes rendus, 1900, 130, p. 1322 et seq.), RR'CO-3 RR'•C(OMgI)•R"-) RR'R"•C(OH) + MgLOH.

Ketones do not polymerize in the same way as aldehydes, but under the influence of acids and bases yield condensation products; thus acetone gives mesityl See also:

OXIDE

oxide, phorone and mesitylene (see below). _ For dimethyl ketone or acetone, see ACETONE. Diethyl ketone, (See also:

C2H6

C2H6)2•CO, is a pleasant-smelling liquid boiling at 102.7° C. With concentrated nitric acid it forms dinitroethane, and it is oxidized by chromic acid to acetic and propionic acids. Methylnonylketone, CH3•CO•C9H19, is the See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief constituent of oil of See also:

RUE (Fr. rue, Lat. ruta, from Gr. pur)

rue, which also contains methylheptylketone, CH3•CO•C7 H15, a liquid of boiling-point 85-90° C. (7 mm.), which yields normal caprylic acid on oxidation with hypobromites. Mesatyl oxide, (CH3)2C:CH•CO•CH3, is an aromatic smelling liquid of boiling point 129.5-130° C. It is insoluble in water, but readily dissolves in See also:

ALCOHOL

alcohol. On See also:

HEATING

heating with dilute sulphuric acid it yields acetone, but with the concentrated acid it gives mesitylene, C9Hi2-See also:

POTASSIUM [symbol K (from kalium), atomic weight 39.114 0=16)]

Potassium permanganate oxidizes it to acetic acid and hydroxyisobutyric acid (A. Pinner, Ber., 1882, 15, p. 591). It forms hydroxyhydrocollidine when heated with acetamide and anhydrous See also:

ZINC

zinc chloride (F.

Canzoneri and G. Spica, Gam chim. Ital., 1884, 14, P•349)• Phorone,(CH3)2C:CH•CO•CH:C(CH3)2,formsyellow crystals which melt at 28° C. and See also:

BOIL

boil at 197.2° C. When heated with phosphorus pentoxide it yields acetone, water and some pseudocumene. Dilute nitric acid oxidizes it to acetic and oxalic acids, while potassium permanganate oxidizes it to acetone, See also:

CARBON (symbol C, atomic weight 12)

carbon dioxide and oxalic acid.

End of Article: RCN

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