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ADAD

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Originally appearing in Volume V01, Page 166 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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ADAD , the name of the See also:

STORM (in O. Eng..storm, and so in Du. and Low Ger.; in O. H. Ger. and mod. Ger. Sturm; the root is probably that seen in " stir," to rouse, move, disturb, cf. Ger. storen)
STORM, THEODOR WOLDSEN (1817-1888)

storm-See also:

god in the Babylonian-See also:

ASSYRIAN

Assyrian See also:

PANTHEON (Lat. pantheum or pantheon; Gr. srav& ov, all-holy, from re, s, all, and Oeor god)

pantheon, who is also known as Ramman (" the thunderer "). The problem involved in this See also:

double name has not yet been definitely solved. See also:

EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

Evidence seems to favour the view that Ramman was the name current in Babylonia, Whereas Adad was more See also:

COMMON

common in See also:

ASSYRIA

Assyria. To See also:

JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

judge from analogous instances of a double nomenclature, the two names revert to two different centres for the cult of a storm-god, though it must be confessed that up to the See also:

PRESENT

present it has been impossible to determine where these centres were. A god See also:

HADAD

Hadad who was a prominent deity in See also:

ancient See also:

SYRIA

Syria is identical with Adad, and in view of this it is plausible to assume—for which there is also other evidence —that the name Adad represents an importation into Assyria from Aramaic districts. Whether the same is the See also:

case with Ramman, identical with Rimmon, known to us from the Old Testament as the See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief deity of See also:

DAMASCUS

Damascus, is not certain though probable. On the other See also:

hand the cult of a specific storm-god in ancient Babylonia is vouched for by the occurrence of the sign Im—the " Sumerian " or ideographic See also:

writing for Adad-Ramman —as an See also:

ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element in proper names of the old Babylonian See also:

period. However this name may have originally been pronounced, so much is certain,—that through Aramaic influences in Babylonia and Assyria he was identified with the storm-god of the western Semites, and a trace of this See also:

INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence is to be seen in the designation Amurru, also given to this god in the religious literature of Babylonia, which as an See also:

early name for See also:

PALESTINE

Palestine and Syria describes the god as belonging to the Amorite See also:

DISTRICT

district. The Babylonian storm-god presents two aspects in the See also:

HYMNS

hymns, incantations and votive See also:

INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions. On the one hand he is the god who, through bringing on the See also:

RAIN (O.E. regn; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Regen, Swed. and Dan. regn; it has been connected with Lat. rigare, to wet, Gr. 13pixeav)

rain in due See also:

SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season, causes the See also:

LAND

land to become fertile, and, on the other hand, the storms that he sends out bring havoc and destruction. He is pictured on monuments and See also:

seal cylinders with the See also:

LIGHTNING

lightning and the thunderbolt, and in the hymns the sombre aspects of the god on the whole predominate. His association with the See also:

sun-god, See also:

SHAMASH, or AMAS

Shamash, due to the natural See also:

COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination of the two deities who alternate in the See also:

CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of nature, leads to imbuing him with some of the traits belonging to a See also:

SOLAR, SOLLER (Lat. solarium, Fr.• galetas, Ital. solaio)

solar deity.

In Syria Hadad is hardly to be distinguished from a solar deity. The See also:

PROCESS

process of assimilation did not proceed so far in Babylonia and Assyria, but Shamash and Adad became in combination the gods of oracles and of See also:

divination in See also:

general. Whether the will of the gods is determined through the inspection of the See also:

LIVER (O. Eng. lifer; cf. cognate forms, Dutch lever, Ger. Leber, Swed. lefver, &c.; the O. H. Ger. forms are libara, lipora, &c.; the Teut. word has been connected with Gr. i'prap and Lat. jecur)

liver of the sacrificial See also:

animal, through observing the See also:

ACTION

action of oil bubbles in a See also:

basin of See also:

WATER

water or through the observation of the movements of the heavenly bodies, it is Shamash and Adad who, in the See also:

RITUAL (from Lat. ritus, a custom, especially a religious rite or custom)

ritual connected with divination, are invariably invoked. Similarly in the See also:

ANNALS (Annales, from annus, a year)

annals and votive inscriptions of the See also:

KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings, when oracles are referred to, Shamash and Adad are always named as the gods addressed, and their See also:

ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary designation in such instances is bele See also:

BIRI

biri, " lords of divination." The See also:

CONSORT (Lat. consors, a companion)

consort of Adad-Ramman is Shala, while as Amurru his consort is called Aschratum. (See BABYLONIAN AND ASSYRIAN See also:

RELIGION.) (M.

End of Article: ADAD

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