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BONIFACE IX

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Originally appearing in Volume V04, Page 207 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BONIFACE IX . (See also:Piero Tomacelli), See also:pope from 1389 to 1404, was See also:born at See also:Naples of a poor but See also:ancient See also:family. Created See also:cardinal by See also:Urban VI., he was elected successor to the latter on the 2nd of See also:November 1389. In 1391 he canonized Birgitta of See also:Sweden. He was able to restore See also:Roman authority in the See also:major See also:part of the papal states, and in 1398 put an end to the republican liberties of the See also:city itself. Boniface won Naples, which had owed spiritual See also:allegiance to the antipopes See also:Clement VII. and See also:Benedict XIII. of See also:Avignon, to the Roman obedience. In 1403 he ventured at last to confirm the deposition of the See also:emperor See also:Wenceslaus and the See also:election of See also:Rupert. Negotiations for the healing of the See also:Great See also:Schism were without result. In spite of his inferior See also:education, the contemporaries of Boniface trusted his prudence and moral See also:character; yet when in See also:financial straits he sold offices, and in 1399 transformed the See also:annates into a permanent tax. In 1390 he celebrated the See also:regular See also:jubilee, but a rather informal one held in 1400 proved more profitable. Though probably not personally avaricious, he was justly accused of nepotism. He died on the 1st of See also:October 1404, being still under sixty years of See also:age.

(W. W.

End of Article: BONIFACE IX

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