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CONSTANTINE IX

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Originally appearing in Volume V06, Page 992 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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See also:

CONSTANTINE IX . Monomachus, See also:emperor 1042-1054, owed his See also:elevation to an old admirer, Zoe, the widow of See also:Romanus III. Argyrus (1028–1034) and of See also:Michael IV. the Paphlagonian (1034–1041), who, after the brief reign of Michael V. Calaphates (See also:December 1041–April 1042), was proclaimed empress with her See also:sister, See also:Theodora. Quarrels See also:broke out between the sisters, and, in See also:order to secure her position, Zoe married Constantine, with whom she shared the See also:throne till her See also:death in 1050. In his old See also:age Constantine, who had once been a famous See also:warrior, utterly neglected the defences of the See also:empire and reduced his See also:army by disbanding 50,000 of his best troops; on the other See also:hand, he spent extravagant sums on luxuries and the erection of magnificent buildings. Rebellions broke out at See also:home and abroad; the See also:Normans conquered See also:Lombardy, which subsequently (1055) became the duchy of See also:Apulia, and thus See also:Italy was lost to the empire; the See also:Petchenegs (Patzinaks) crossed the See also:Danube andattaeked See also:Thrace and See also:Macedonia; and the Seljuk See also:Turks made their See also:appearance on the Armenian frontier.

End of Article: CONSTANTINE IX

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