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CONSTANTINE IV

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Originally appearing in Volume V06, Page 991 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CONSTANTINE IV . Pogonatus (the " bearded "), son of See also:Constans II., was See also:emperor from 668 to 685. After his See also:father's See also:death he set out for See also:Sicily, where an Armenian named Mizizius had been declared emperor. Having defeated and put the usurper to death, he returned to the See also:capital. For six years (672—677) the See also:Arabs under the See also:caliph Moawiya (see See also:CALIPHATE) besieged See also:Constantinople, but the ravages caused amongst them by the so-called " See also:Greek See also:fire," heavy losses by See also:land and See also:sea, and the inroads of the See also:Christian Mardaites (or See also:Maronites, q.v.) of See also:Mount See also:Lebanon, obliged Moawiya to make See also:peace and agree to pay See also:tribute for See also:thirty years. The attacks of the Slays and See also:Avars upon Thessalonica were heroically repulsed by the inhabitants. But Constantine, exhausted by the See also:war with the Arabs, was unable to prevent the Bulgars, a tribe of Finno-Ugrian See also:race, from See also:crossing the See also:Danube and settling in the See also:district where their name still survives. The Bulgarian See also:kingdom was established under its first See also:king Isperich in 679. The tribute paid by the Arabs was used to See also:purchase the See also:good will of the new settlers. In See also:order to restore peace in the See also:church, Constantine summoned an ecumenical See also:council (the See also:sixth) at Constantinople, which held its sittings from the 7th of See also:November 68o to the 16th of See also:September 681. The result was the condemnation of the See also:Monothelites and a recognition of the See also:doctrine that two See also:wills, neither opposed nor intermingled, were See also:united in the See also:person of See also:Christ, in accordance with his twofold nature (see under CONSTANTINOPLE, See also:COUNCILS OF).

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