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CUPULIFERAE

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Originally appearing in Volume V07, Page 636 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CUPULIFERAE , a botanical See also:

order, or, in See also:recent arrangements, See also:group of orders, containing several See also:familiar trees. The See also:plants are trees or shrubs with See also:simple leaves alternately arranged and small unisexual See also:flowers generally arranged in catkins and pollinated by See also:wind-agency. The generally one-seeded See also:nut-like See also:fruit is associated with the persistent often hardened or greatly enlarged bracts forming the so-called cupule which gives the name to the group. The group is subdivided as follows, and these subdivisions are now generally regarded either as distinct natural orders or the first two as sub-orders of one natural order. Betuleae or Betulaceae. See also:Female flowers arranged, two to three together on See also:scale-like structures formed by the See also:union of bracts, in catkins; ovary two-celled; fruit small, flattened, protected between the ripened scales of the catkin. Includes Betula (See also:birch) and Alnus (See also:alder). Coryleae or Corylaceae. Female flowers in pairs, the bracts enlarging in the fruit to See also:form a membranous See also:cup (See also:hazel), or a See also:flat three-lobed structure (See also:hornbeam). Ovary two-celled. Includes Corylus (hazel) and See also:Car pinus (hornbeam). Fagaceae (Cupuliferae in a restricted sense).

Bracts forming a fleshy or hard cupule which envelops the one to several fruits. Ovary three-celled. Includes Quercus (See also:

oak), Fagus (See also:beech), Castanea (sweet-See also:chestnut). Detailed accounts of the trees will be found under See also:separate headings.

End of Article: CUPULIFERAE

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